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In this History Lab, we analyze documents from the Revolutionary War era to answer whether the colonists should have revolted against Great Britain. This document log helps track perspectives encountered.

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  1. Day RS#31

  2. Think back to yesterday. What is our goal as historians in this History Lab? To learn the different perspectives of people living in the Revolutionary War era in order to answer our overarching question, “Should the colonies have revolted against Great Britain?”

  3. Take a look at your paper… This Document Log will help you to keep track of the various perspectives you will encounter. You will need these perspectives to help you complete your final assessment.

  4. Do you think it represented all white males? Do you think every white male agreed with Paine? Ok then…on to more sources!

  5. Should the colonists have revolted against Great Britain? What was the white male perspective?

  6. Here is another document written by a white male:

  7. Think back to yesterday… When we were looking at our documents, what strategies were we using to analyze them?

  8. Strategies Historians Use to Analyze Historical Documents • Identify the type of document • Identify the author and any relevant information about the author • Identify the date and historical context • Identify the audience • Identify the purpose for writing • Look for clues in the text that help to identify the author’s perspectives • Word choice • Tone • Facts and opinions • Inferences • Connect the text back to the title

  9. Now, it’s your turn. When you see this document, what should you be thinking?

  10. Right! • Type of document • Title • Author and author information • Date and historical context • Intended audience • Purpose for writing

  11. Here’s a Document Log. Let’s see if you can fill out the top section with a partner.

  12. Possible Answers

  13. Let’s read the introduction. Angry at the position taken in the Pamphlet, entitled COMMON SENSE, I have expressed myself with some passion. Animated and driven by every influence of the Human Heart, I love, and (if I dare express myself) I adore my Country. Passionately devoted to true Liberty, I glow with the purest flame of Patriotism. Old as I am, if I know myself, I will fight for my Country. The wise Reader, will not think my honest, though bold Remarks go against my Children and my Country but go against Independency. If it is carried out we will inevitably plunge our once envied Country into Ruin, Horror, and Desolation.

  14. Turn and talk to your partner about what Chalmers is saying. Talk with your partner about the strategy you used as a historian to understand the introduction.

  15. Chalmers is angered by Common Sense. Heloves his country as it is, and thinks that if the colonies become independent, their country will “plunge” into “ruin.” Angry at the position taken in the Pamphlet, entitled COMMON SENSE, I have expressed myself with some passion. Animated and driven by every influence of the Human Heart, I love, and (if I dare express myself) I adore my Country. Passionately devoted to true Liberty, I glow with the purest flame of Patriotism. Old as I am, if I know myself, I will fight for my Country. The wise Reader, will not think my honest, though bold Remarks go against my Children and my Country but go against Independency. If it is carried out we will inevitably plunge our once envied Country into Ruin, Horror, and Desolation.

  16. Have we learned anything about Chalmers’ perspective? Angry at the position taken in the Pamphlet, entitled COMMON SENSE, I have expressed myself with some passion. Animated and driven by every influence of the Human Heart, I love, and (if I dare express myself) I adore my Country. Passionately devoted to true Liberty, I glow with the purest flame of Patriotism. Old as I am, if I know myself, I will fight for my Country. The wise Reader, will not think my honest, though bold Remarks go against my Children and my Country but go against Independency. If it is carried out we will inevitably plunge our once envied Country into Ruin, Horror, and Desolation. Turn and talk to your partner.

  17. Chalmers supports “his country” andGreat Britain does not want thecolonies to break away. Angry at the position taken in the Pamphlet, entitled COMMON SENSE, I have expressed myself with some passion. Animated and driven by every influence of the Human Heart, I love, and (if I dare express myself) I adore my Country. Passionately devoted to true Liberty, I glow with the purest flame of Patriotism. Old as I am, if I know myself, I will fight for my Country. The wise Reader, will not think my honest, though bold Remarks go against my Children and my Country but go against Independency. If it is carried out we will inevitably plunge our once envied Country into Ruin, Horror, and Desolation.

  18. Read Row 2. I HAVE now before me the Pamphlet, entitled COMMON SENSE; on which I shall remark with freedom and openness. Remember that Chalmers has Common Sense in front of him and will use it to state his argument.

  19. Read Row 3. Talk with your partner about the strategy you used as a historian to interpret what Chalmers is saying. Row 3: The British government is a beautiful system because it is ruled by the king, the upper class, and the people. The King influences the People. Without such control of the King, our government would decline into Democracy, a government just run by the people, which I hope to prove unwise.

  20. Chalmers believes that without the king, average people can’t rule themselves. Row 3: The British government is a beautiful system because it is ruled by the king, the upper class, and the people. The King influences the People. Without such control of the King, our government would decline into Democracy, a government just run by the people, which I hope to prove unwise.

  21. Read Row 4. Talk with your partner about the strategy you used as a historian to interpret what Chalmers is saying. Row 4: After Thomas Paine’s detestable writing against our constitution, and monarchy; let us briefly examine a democratic state; and see whether or not it is a less bloodthirsty government. If we examine Greece and Rome which are run by the people, we continually find them in a state of war.

  22. Democracies cause countries toengage in war. Row 4: After Thomas Paine’s detestable writing against our constitution, and monarchy; let us briefly examine a democratic state; and see whether or not it is a less bloodthirsty government. If we examine Greece and Rome which are run by the people, we continually find them in a state of war.

  23. Common Sense Remember, Chalmers has Common Sense right in front of him—what specific argument do you notice Chalmers is attacking? In the early ages of the world, according to the Bible there were no kings; the consequence of which was, there were no wars; it is the pride of kings which throws mankind into confusion. Holland, without a king hath enjoyed more peace for this last century than any of the monarchical governments in Europe… After Thomas Paine’s detestable writing against our constitution, and monarchy; let us briefly examine a democratic state; and see whether or not it is a less bloodthirsty government. If we examine Greece and Rome which are run by the people, we continually find them in a state of war. Plain Truth

  24. Paine believed that kings cause wars, and he uses the Bible and Holland as historical examples. Chalmers believes that democracies cause wars and he uses Greece and Rome as historical examples. In the early ages of the world, according to the Bible there were no kings; the consequence of which was, there were no wars; it is the pride of kings which throws mankind into confusion. Holland, without a king hath enjoyed more peace for this last century than any of the monarchical governments in Europe… After Thomas Paine’s detestable writing against our constitution, and monarchy; let us briefly examine a democratic state; and see whether or not it is a less bloodthirsty government. If we examine Greece and Rome which are run by the people, we continually find them in a state of war.

  25. Read Rows 5, 6, and 7 with a partner and complete the “text support” and “purpose for writing” sections on the document log with your partner.

  26. Great Britain made “monstrous efforts” to save the colonies from France and to protect that land. Great Britain will not peacefully allow the colonies to gain independence. Row 5: Can a reasonable person for a moment believe that Great Britain, who earlier made such monstrous efforts to save us from France, will not powerfully prevent us from gaining independence. Can we doubt that the King of Great Britain will not try everything to avoid losing the Thirteen Colonies.

  27. If the colonies remain with Great Britain, they will avoid war and still be able to trade with other countries. Row 6: There are many advantages of our connection with Britain; It will cause us to avoid the horrors and misfortune of war. Paine surely forgets that when we are independent, we cannot trade with Europe because the treaties are made under England’s name.

  28. Independence and slavery are the same thing. Life for the colonists will be horrible without Great Britain. Colonists seeking “true liberty” should settle the dispute with Great Britain. Row 7: An entire set of books isn’t room enough to describe the horror, misery, and devastation, awaiting the people who are trying to gain American independence. In short, I declare that it would be excellent for those people who wish for TRUE LIBERTY to settle this dispute with Great Britain. Independence and slavery are the same thing. The End.

  29. More Discussion What specific words and phrases does Chalmers use to get his point across? What kind of tactic is Chalmers using to make his point?

  30. Assessment: Write the author’s perspective independently.

  31. Thumbs up? Thumbs down?

  32. Possible Answer James Chalmers thinks “our country” will be ruined if we try to break away from Great Britain. Democratic countries are wracked with war and we should stay loyal to England to try to avoid war ourselves. We should try to resolve our dispute instead of trying to break away.

  33. How would you compare Paine and Chalmers’ perspectives?

  34. Wrap Up Discussion: How much progress have we made so far in answering the focus question? Should the colonists have revolted against Great Britain? What was the white male perspective?

  35. Turn in your Historical Document Log for an assessment grade.

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