The Microscope and Micro-Organism

1. The Microscope and Micro-Organism

2. First person to make and use a lot of microscopes. • The first person to make and use a lot of microscopes was a Dutchman named Anton Leeuwenhoek. Leeuwenhoek lived in the 1600s in the Netherlands, and owned a store full of cloth. Most of Leeuwenhoek’s microscopes were tiny things, not much larger than 1” x 2”.

3. How to calculate the Magnification on a microscope. • To calculate the magnification of the things you are looking at, multiply the power of the eyepiece by the power of the objective.

4. Making a Wet Mount •  Place a drop of water in the center of the slide with an eye dropper. • Use tweezers to place the sample on the top of the water drop. • Hold the cover slip upright so that one edge of the slip touches the edge of the drop of water. • Gently lower the cover slip over the drop of water and sample, trying not to trap any bubbles.

5. Units of Measurement • 1 meter (m) = _______ Centimeters (cm) • 1 meter (m) = _______ Millimeters (mm) • 1 centimeter = ______ Millimeters (mm) 100, 1,000 and 10

6. Parts of the Microscope • Eyepiece • Revolving nosepiece • The arm • The stage • The diaphragm • The coarse adjustment knob • The mirror

7. Eyepiece • Is the part of the microscope closest to your eye, through which you look. It contains the ocular lens, which makes the image produced by the objective’s lenses larger.

8. Revolving nosepiece • Holds the objectives and allows you to change objectives while looking at a slide.

9. The arm • Is the curved metal piece that holds the body tube in place over the stage and the base.

10. The stage • Is the flat surface on which you put your slides or samples.

11. The diaphragm • Is used to adjust the amount of light shining through the sample on the stage.

12. The coarse adjustment knob • Is the large knob used to adjust the position of the body tube, allowing you to quickly bring your sample into view.

13. The mirror • Located beneath the stage and diaphragm, increase the amount of light shining through your sample.

14. Micro-Organism • Volvox • Euglena • Cyclops • Elodea leaf • Hydra • Spirogyra • Vorticella • Anabaena

15. Volvox • Most developed in a series of genera that form spherical colonies. • Each mature Volvox colony is composed of numerous flagellate cells.

16. Euglena • unicellular protists, of the class Euglenoidea of the phylum Euglenozoa (also known as Euglenophyta). • They are single-celled organisms. Currently, over 1,000 species of Euglena have been described.

17. Cyclops • is a genus of small freshwater crustaceans (copepods) • characterized by a single eye spot on the head segment. • Cyclops also feature antennae, a segmented body, 5 pairs of legs, and a divided "tail" called a furca.

18. Elodea leaf • Elodea leaf is composed of two layers of cells.

19. Hydra • A simple fresh-water animal possessing radial symmetry. • Hydras are predatory animals belonging to the phylum Cnidaria and the class Hydrozoa.[ • They can be found in most unpolluted fresh-water ponds, lakes and streams in the temperate and tropical regions by gently sweeping a collecting net through weedy areas

20. Spirogyra • Are green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is diagnostic of the genus. • It is commonly found in freshwater areas, and there are more than 400 species.

21. Vorticella • is a genus of protozoa, with over 16 known species. • They are stalked inverted bell-shaped ciliates, placed among the peritrichs.

22. Anabaena • Anabaena are from a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae, found as plankton. • It is known for its nitrogen fixing abilities, and they form symbiotic relationships with certain plants, such as the mosquito fern.