What are some metric measurement tools that scientists use to make quantitative observations?

1. Mary Tweedy, Curriculum Support Specialist Keisha Kidd, Curriculum Support Specialist Millard Lightburn, District Supervisor Department of Mathematics and Science Office of Academics and Transformation What are some metric measurement tools that scientists use to make quantitative observations?

2. Grade 5 Pacing Guide Topic 1: Practicing Science • SC.5.N.1.1Define a problem, use appropriate reference materials to support scientific understanding, plan and carry out scientific investigations of various types such as: systematic observations, experiments requiring the identification of variables, collecting and organizing data, interpreting data in charts, tables, and graphics, analyze information, make predictions, and defend conclusions. AA • SC.5.N.2.1 Recognize and explain that science is grounded in empirical observations that are testable; explaining must always be linked with evidence. AA • SC.5.N.2.2 Recognize and explain that when scientific investigations are carried out, the evidence produced by those investigations should be replicable by others. AA • SC.5.P.8.1 Compare and contrast the basic properties of solids, liquids, and gases, such as mass, volume, color, texture, and temperature. • MACC.5.MD.1.2 Make a line plot to display a data set of measurements in fractions of a unit (1/2, 1/4, 1/8). Use operations on fractions for this grade to solve problems involving information presented in line plots. For example, given different measurements of liquid in identical beakers, find the amount of liquid each beaker would contain if the total amount in all the beakers were redistributed equally.

3. What tools do scientists use to measure length or distance? ruler tape measure meter stick

4. What is Length? • Length- is the distance between two points. • How long is the screw in centimeters? It is 5.1 centimeters. • Remember to measure to the smallest place value the tool allows and use decimals.

5. A. 1 meter or 105 centimeters B. 4 kilometers or 4400 meters C. 12 centimeters or 102 millimeters D. 1200 millimeters or 1 meter Metric Units m km mm cm What are the metric units for measuring length or distance ? Units include the meter, centimeter and the millimeter. The basic unit of length in the metric system in the meter and is represented by a lowercase m. Metric Units 1 Kilometer (km) = 1000 meters 1 Meter = 100 Centimeters (cm) 1 Meter = 1000 Millimeters (mm) Click the image to watch a short video about the meter. Which is longer? Adapted from T. Trimpe2008 http://sciencespot.net

6. 1 centimeter = 10 millimeters What is the length of the line in centimeters? _______cm What is the length of the line in millimeters? _______mm What is the length of the line in centimeter? ________ HINT: Measure to the smallest place value the tool allows – use decimals. Measuring Length How many millimeters are in 1 centimeter? The line is 3.2 cm. Adapted from T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net

7. What tools do scientists use to measure volume? • Measuring cups • Graduated cylinders • Beakers • Measuring spoons • Rulers or meter sticks or tape measures

8. kL Metric Units cL mL L What is volume? Volumeis the amount of space an object takes up. The base unit of volume in the metric system in the literand is represented by L or l. Metric Units 1 liter (L) = 1000 milliliters (mL) 1 milliliter (mL) = 1 cm3 (or cc) = 1 gram (with water) Click the image to watch a short video about volume. Which is larger? A. 1 liter or 1500 milliliters B. 200 milliliters or 1.2 liters / Adapted from T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net

9. *What causes the meniscus? Measuring Volume Graduated cylindersare toolsused to find the volume of liquids. Here’s how: Read the measurement based on the bottom of the meniscus or curve.* When using a real cylinder, make sure you are eye-level with the level of the water. What is the volume of water in the cylinder? 43 mL The liquid in the graduated cylinder generally tends to stick to the sides of the cylinder. That is why for water and similar liquids we read the bottom. Adapted from T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net

10. Measuring Volume of Liquids What is the volume of liquid in each cylinder? C A B 22.5mL 52 mL 37 mL Adapted from T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net

11. 9 cm 8 cm 10 cm What can be used to measure the volume of irregular shaped object (rock) ? Measuring Volume of Solids What tool can be used to measure the volume of an object with the shape of a rectangular prism? We can measure using a ruler and the formula: length ___ x width ___x height___ = ______ cm3 water displacement using a graduated cylinder Amount of H2O with object = ______About of H2O without object = ______Difference = (rock) Volume = ______ Adapted from T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net

12. What tools do scientists use to measure mass? Balance & gram pieces Pan balance & gram pieces Triple Beam Balance Electronic balance

13. A. 1 kilogram or 1500 grams B. 1200 milligrams or 1 gram C. 12 milligrams or 12 kilograms D. 4 kilograms or 4500 grams Metric Units g kg What is mass? Mass is the amount of matter in an object. The base unit of mass in the metric system in the gramand is represented by g. Metric Units 1 Kilogram (km) = 1000 Grams (g) 1 Gram (g) = 1000 Milligrams (mg) Click the image to watch a short video about mass. Which is larger? Adapted from T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/

14. 1st – Place the object on the pan. 2nd – Slide the large weight to the right until the arm drops below the line. Move the rider back one groove. Make sure it “locks” into place. 3rd – Repeat this process with the top weight. When the arm moves below the line, back it up one groove. 4th – Slide the small weight on the front beam until the lines match up. Measuring Mass – Triple-Beam Balance A triple-beam balance can be used to find the mass of various objects. 5th – Add the amounts on each beam to find the total mass to the nearest tenth of a gram. Adapted from T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/

15. Once you have it balanced , you add up the amounts on each beam to find the total mass. What would be the mass of the object measured in the picture? _______ + ______ + _______ = ________ g Measuring Mass – Triple-Beam Balance A triple-beam balance can be used to find the mass of various objects. The objects are placed on the pan and then you move the weights on the beams until you get the lines on the right-side of the scale to match up. Adapted from T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/

16. What tools do scientists use to measure weight? • Spring Scale • Pan Scale

17. What is weight? • Weight is the measure of the pull of gravity on an object. What units are used to measure weight? • Newtons (N) and grams (g)

18. How to use a spring scale Spring • Hold the springscale in one hand so that the hook is hanging downward. • Be sure that you hold it high enough so you can see the scale clearly. • Look at the center of the scale for the units the scale uses. It will be grams and /or Newtons. • Check that round platform is set at zero (x) on the scale. • Hook the object you are weighing onto the hook that hangs down from the scale. If there is a basket or pan suspended below the scale, place the object on the pan. • Wait for the spring to stop moving up and down. Once it stops moving, look at the markings on the side of the scale and record the weight. On most scales it can be recorded in both grams and Newtons. X

19. Look at the spring scale drawings below, up to how many Newtons will they measure? Each spring scale measures up to five Newtons (N). How many parts is each Newton divided into? ten parts How many Newtons? 0.7 N

20. What are these WEIGHT measurements? A. B C 3.4 N 4.9 N 0.6 N

21. What tools do scientists use to measure temperature? Thermometers

22. What is temperature? • Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold something is. • It is the measure of the heat or thermal energy in a substance. • It is the average speed of the particles in a substance.

23. Measuring Temperature • There are two different scales we will use to measure temperature. • Fahrenheit scale – water freezes at 320 and boils at 2120F • Celsius (centigrade) scale- water freezes at 00C and boils at 1000C Click on the hyperlink below for an Interactive Thermometer

24. Brain Check Measurement Tool Metric Unit Newtons Degrees Celsius Milliliters Grams Centimeters • Ruler /Tape measure • Balance • Spring Scale • Graduated cylinder • Thermometer *How does measurement help us know about the world?