Warm Up: Daily Images Notes on: behind the Civil War Closing Activity: Quotes Review

1. Warm Up: Daily ImagesNotes on: behind the Civil WarClosing Activity: QuotesReview

6. War Begins -Election of 1860 -Secession of lower states Month after election -Confederate States of America Month before inauguration -Firing on Ft. Sumter South technically starting the war – begins at 4:30 a.m., 4,000 rounds to surrender -Virginia Secedes followed by Ark., NC, and Tenn. Weren’t willing to fight other Southerners -11 States Leave Union WV is formed in 1863

7. War Begins -Election of 1860 -Secession of lower states -Confederate States of America -Firing on Ft. Sumter -Virginia Secedes followed by Ark., NC, and Tenn. -11 States Leave Union

8. Modern War -Uses both old and new methods of war Old: -Cavalry, Muzzle Rifles, Battlefield Formations New: -Railroads, telegraph, drafts, submarines, armored ships, observation balloons Monitor v. Merrimack – Battle of “Ironclads” (Submarines) Merrimack is attacking Union Warships, Monitor attacks Merrimack - draw

9. Strategy-Union -Constrictor (Anaconda) Plan developed by Winfield Scott Blockade Southern Ports – no exporting cotton, no importing goods -divide the south through the Mississippi and control access to its ports Union Armies will go to Richmond, VA and take it over (Confederacy’s Capital)

10. Strategy-Confederacy -defensive battle Attack if able, Defend Always, Invade the North if Possible -European recognition Optimal Goal – Recognition means other countries may come to Southern Aid – Britain chooses to remain neutral (no longer reliant on Southern cotton)

11. Advantages-Union -most of the population South won’t arm slaves – can’t count in population -large advantages in resources Greater food production, more factories, more extensive railroad system, more soldiers -most of the transportation and industry

12. Advantages-Confederacy -defending their homes Great Motivator, but Anti-federalist – Hinders as well as helps -strong sectional pride The Cotton Kingdom has always had great profits, assumed they’ll help fund the war -better military tradition and leadership

13. Government Powers -both sides had to increase central government powers -raise an army -supply armies -finance the war -suppress any opposition -Copperheads – Arrested, typically Northern Democrats who want peace with the South

14. Raising Armies -Northern Advantage -volunteers at first Inexperienced industrial workers -drafts begin C:1862; U:1863 White men 18-35, later 17-50 -riots – draft riots in NY by immigrants -bounties paid – deserters get money for returning them -substitution possible – Could pay someone else to go; exceptions in South if you owned more than 20 slaves -many volunteers 2 mil. Soldiers in North – 180,000 African American, 1,840,000 will be volunteers

15. Supplying Armies -Union Advantages -Industrial Capacity - Booming -Transportation Capabilities -Financial Centers Confederate Problems -Foraging the land -Shortages – Food: Lack of man power in fields, Union Occupation, Lost Slaves Later Military supplies as well

16. War Politics -War to Preserve Union -civil rights were restricted -habeas corpus suspended Jail – no due process -Emancipation Debated Needed higher cause In the North to justify all the fighting -Emancipation Proclamation Jan. 1, 1863 Focused on military action with states in rebellion

17. War Politics -War to Preserve Union -civil rights were restricted -habeas corpus suspended -Emancipation Debated Needed higher cause -Emancipation Proclamation Jan. 1, 1863

18. Others in the War -African Americans Segregated Forces – Discriminated against, typically placed in Labor duty 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry – first official black unit – many died in a battle near Ft. Wagner – (Charleston, SC), but recognized for their valor in fighting – changed thoughts towards African Americans and the military -Women Nursing- over 30 y/o, plain looking 3,000 will serve Clara Barton – Front Lines Nurse – “Angel of the Battlefield” – CREATES THE RED CROSS in 1881

19. Soldier’s Lives -disillusionment of war Glorious, Well Taken Care of, Diet, Medical Care, etc. -filthy conditions Couldn’t wash or bathe as expected -poor food Beans, Bacon, and Hardtack -bad medical care No great supplies, field surgeons -prison camps Worse in the South, but NOT much better in the North Andersonville – 33,000 men. 34 sq. ft. per man – no shelter, little to no food, no medical treatment, etc.

20. “"I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so” Abraham Lincoln,1861 “All persons held as slaves within any state, or designated part of a state, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforth, and forever free…” Abraham Lincoln, Emancipation Proclamation

21. “Once let the black man get upon his person the brass letters, U.S.; let him get an eagle on his button, and a musket on his shoulder and bullets in his pocket, and there is no power on earth which can deny that he has earned the right to citizenship.” Frederick Douglas “What ever may be the result of the contest, I foresee that the country will have to pass through a terrible ordeal…for our national sins.” Robert E. Lee

22. “The weather is cold and the ground is froze hard, but I sleep as warm in the tents as I would in a good bed. I don’t know the differences when I get asleep. We have boards laid down for a floor and our dishes in tin. We all have a tin plate and a tin cup, and a knife and Fork, one spoon. We have to use the floor for a table. I like to be a soldier very well. “ – Rosetta Wakeman a.k.a. Pvt. Lyons Wakeman

23. “He requested me to stand up straight,” the soldier recalled, “then he gave me two or three little sort of “love taps” on the chest, turned me around, ran his hands over my shoulders, back and limbs, laughing and talking all the time, then whirled me to the front, and rendered judgment on me as follows: “Ah, Capt. Reddish! I only wish you have a hundred such fine boys as this one! He’s all right , and good for the service.” All the Daring of the Soldier 58% of Federal Regiments, it is approximated, had failed to give actual medical exams to men (and women) at the time of their enlistment.

24. Quiz

25. Name the strategy of the Union forces?

26. Name the first black regiment of war?

27. Name the Confederate military camp where thousands of Union soldiers starved to death?

28. This Union nurse would start the Red Cross after the war?

29. Which side had more resources?

30. Which side needed European interference?

31. This was the term given to Northerners who opposed the war effort?

32. What was Lincoln’s main goal in the war?

33. Which side had better military leadership?

34. What did Lincoln issue on Jan. 1, 1863?

35. Where were the first shots of the war?