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Skeletal System: Bones, Joints, and Movement

Learn about the functions of bones, types of bones and joints, and various types of body movement. Explore interactive websites and understand the terms related to the skeletal system.

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Skeletal System: Bones, Joints, and Movement

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  1. Skeleton Chapter 6

  2. Goformative • http://goformative.com/join • Enter this code MXYJ996 • Password MEDTERMS123 • If you are relatively new to class I may not have created an account for you. To get in the class you will need to do the following: goformative.com/#signup.Students sign up and enter Class Code QXMC237

  3. Websites • http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/interactives/3djigsaw_02/index.shtml?skeleton • http://www.3d4medical.com/ • http://askabiologist.asu.edu/bone-anatomy • http://anatomy.uams.edu/AnatomyHTML/bones.html • http://www.globalrph.com/medterm5c.htm

  4. Learning Outcomes • List the primary functions of bones. • Identify skeleton bones/types • Explain various types of body movement that occur at the freely movable joints. • Define fracture and state the various types.

  5. Combining Forms • Bone oste/o, oss/i, osse/o • Bone Marrow myel/o • Cartilage chondr/o, cartilag/o • Elbow olecran/o • Joints arthr/o, articul/o • Ligaments ligament/o, syndesm/o • Muscles my/o, myos/o, muscul/o • Sinus sin/o, sinus/o • Tendons tendin/o, ten/o, tend/o

  6. Combining Forms • Bone oste/o, oss/i, osse/o • Bone Marrow myel/o • Cartilage chondr/o, cartilag/o • Elbow olecran/o • Joints arthr/o, articul/o • Ligaments ligament/o, syndesm/o • Muscles my/o, myos/o, muscul/o • Sinus sin/o, sinus/o • Tendons tendin/o, ten/o, tend/o

  7. Prefixes Match Through, between, Around Upon, over, above Within Between Beyond, over, between Within, inner dia- endo-, end- epi- inter- intra- meta- peri-

  8. Suffix Popcorn • Germ cell • Surgical puncture • Cell • Binding • Soft • Growth • Surgical Repair • Formation • To view/examine • Tissue • -blast • -centesis • -cyte • -desis • -malacia • -physis • -plasty • -poiesis • -scopy • - um

  9. Table 6.1 Skeletal System at-a-Glance

  10. Functions of the Skeletal System • Bones- oste/o • Act as a framework for the organ systems • Protect many of the body’s organs • Provide the organism with the ability to move • Storage of minerals • Hematopoiesis (formation of blood)

  11. Bone marrow contains two types of stem cells: hempoietic (which can produce blood cells) and stromal (which can produce fat, cartilage and bone). • There are two types of bone marrow: red marrow (also known as myeloid tissue) and yellow marrow. • The color of yellow marrow is due to the much higher number of fat cells.

  12. What is Oste/o mean? What is Oste/o mean? a) Bone b) Cell c) Formation d) Cartilage

  13. What does cartil mean in cartilage? What does cartil mean? a) Gristle b) Smooth c) Hard d) Pain

  14. Cartilage- Chondr/0 • Cartilage – chondr/o • Forms major portion of embryonic skeleton and part of adult skeleton. • Cartilage is an important structural component of the body. It is a firm tissue but is softer and much more flexible than bone.

  15. Functions of the Musculoskeletal System • Tendons- Attach muscles to bones • Ligaments – ligament/o Bands of connective tissue that connect bones, cartilages and other structures

  16. Anatomy and Physiology Overview • The human adult skeletal system is composed of 206 bones that, with cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, make up the framework or skeleton of the body.

  17. Anatomy and Physiology Overview • Axial skeleton • 80 bones, the principal bones being the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum. • Appendicular skeleton • 126 bones, the primary bones being the shoulder girdle, arms, hands, pelvic girdle, legs, and feet.

  18. Figure 6.1Anterior of the human skeleton.

  19. Figure 6.3Features found in a long bone.

  20. Figure 6.4Epiphyseal plate (arrows). (Courtesy of Teresa Resch)Note: Epiphyseal plate later turns into an epiphyseal line

  21. Table 6.2 Classifications of Bones

  22. Figure 6.5Knee joint.

  23. Joints and Movement • Classification of Joints • Synarthrosis (Fibrous)- cranial structure • Amphiarthrosis (Cartilaginous) - vertebra • Diarthrosis (Synovial) – knee, hip, elbow What do the prefixes – Syn, Ampi and Dia

  24. Figure 6.6A Flexion and ExtensionFlexion–Bending a limb. Extension–Straightening a flexed limb.

  25. Figure 6.6B CircumductionCircumduction–Moving a body part in a circular motion.

  26. Figure 6.6C Abduction and AdductionAbduction–Moving a body part away from the middle. Adduction–Moving a body part toward the middle.

  27. Figure 6.6D Protraction and RetractionProtraction–Moving a body part forward. Retraction–Moving a body part backward.

  28. Figure 6.6E RotationRotation–Moving a body part around a central axis.

  29. Figure 6.6F DorsiflexionDorsiflexion–Bending a body part backward.

  30. Figure 6.6G Pronation and Supination Pronation–Lying prone (face downward); also turning the palm downward. Supination–Lying supine (face upward); also turning the palm or foot upward.

  31. Figure 6.6 H Eversion and Inversion Eversion–Turning outward. Inversion–Turning inward.

  32. Vertebral Column • These curves are the: • Cervical • The first 7 vertebrae. • Thoracic • The next 12 vertebrae. • Lumbar • The next 5 vertebrae. • Sacral • Consists of the sacrum and coccyx (tailbone).

  33. Figure 6.7Vertebral (spinal) column.

  34. Bone Pathology • Terms related to bone disease Osteomalacia Osteomyelitis Osteoporosis osteoporosis

  35. Joint Pathology • Osteoarthritis • Degenerative joint disease (DJD) • Rheumatoid arthritis RA joints affected by osteoarthritis

  36. Fractures • A fracture is classified according to its external appearance, the site of the fracture, and the nature of the crack or break in the bone. • Short video on factures • https://youtu.be/qVougiCEgH8

  37. Fractures • Types of fractures:

  38. Fractures • Types of fractures: • Colles • Pott • Compression • Vertebral compression • Epiphyseal (Greek root-phyein) • Stress • Hip

  39. Figure 6.10AClosed, or simple–A completely internal break that does not involve a break in the skin (x-ray of the tibia and fibula). Note the break in the fibula (smaller bone).

  40. Figure 6.10BOpen, or compound–The fracture projects through the skin and there is a possibility of infection or hemorrhage; more dangerous than a closed fracture

  41. Figure 6.10EGreenstick–Only one side of the shaft is broken, and the other is bent (like a green stick); usually occurs in children whose long bones have not fully ossified

  42. Figure 6.10ICompression–Due to the collapse of a vertebra. It may be caused by trauma or due to a weakening of the vertebra due to osteoporosis, tumors, or infection

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