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CNS

Discover the history and impact of Canadian nuclear pioneers, breakthroughs, and achievements over the past 60 years. Explore the evolution of nuclear science and technology in Canada, including key milestones and contributions to the global nuclear landscape.

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CNS

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  1. The Canadian Nuclear Society • People supporting applied nuclear science & technology • Communication on technical nuclear issues • Independent – no corporate, government mandate • Established 1979, independently incorporated 1998 Media Scientists & Engineers Decision Makers Educators CNS FREEMEMBERSHIP Students Administrators Nuclear Operators Interested Public

  2. Canadian Nuclear Science and Technology: Innovation and Excellence for over 60 years Dr. George LaurenceCanadian Nuclear Pioneer National Research Council, Ottawa, 1940 Record-breaking twin CANDUs at Qinshan, China, 2003

  3. CANDU: “One of Canada’s top ten engineering achievements of the past century” Canadian engineering centennial, 1987 Pickering, Ontario

  4. In the beginning …

  5. 1910 … • describes nuclear structure of atoms 1919 … • describes artificial transmutation Otto Hahn, 26 yrs. old, later to receive the 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of fission Ernest Rutherford 1898-1907 … Ernest Rutherford • at McGill University • describes radioactivity • Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1908 (1871 - 1937) McGill University,1905

  6. “If it were ever possible to control at will the rate of disintegration of the radio-elements, an enormous amount of energy could be obtained from a small amount of matter” Ernest Rutherford, Montreal, 1904

  7. 1932 … James Chadwick (1891 - 1974) • discoverer of the neutron, 1932 • Nobel Prize in Physics, 1935 • start of the Neutron Transmutation “bandwagon” ? # protons # neutrons

  8. “The energy produced by the breaking down of the atom is a very poor kind of thing. Anyone who expects a source of power from the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine” Sir Ernest Rutherford, London, 1933 (1871 - 1937)

  9. September: WAR ! (Hitler, Mussolini, Tojo) 1939 … • January: FISSION ! (Hahn, Strassmann, Meitner, Frisch)

  10. Hans von Halban Lew Kowarski Have heavy water, will travel 1940 … • French heavy-water research evades the Nazis to the U.K., and subsequently to Canada (1942)

  11. 1940-1942 … George Laurence (1905 - 1987) • First fission experiments in Canada and the world, 1940-42 • National Research Council, Ottawa

  12. Hans von Halban George Laurence 1942-1944 “Montreal Group” (U. of Montreal) Mandate: heavy-water plutonium-production reactor for the Manhattan Project

  13. 1944 … Chalk River Laboratories

  14. Chalk River Laboratories (today)

  15. Lew Kowarski 1945 … ZEEP: first reactor in the worldoutside the U.S.A.

  16. Canada in 1945: • Second largest nuclear infrastructure on the planet • Atomic bomb knowledge • World experts on heavy-water reactor • Uranium supplies • World’s most powerful research reactor (NRX) under construction … WHERE TO GO FROM HERE…?

  17. Canada’s Choice: Peaceful Applications of Nuclear Energy NRX (1947) NRU (1957) A Mecca for nuclear research

  18. 1951 … COBALT CANCER THERAPY “The Atom Bomb That Saves Lives” MacLean’s Magazine University of Western Ontario University of Saskatchewan FIRST PATIENT: 27 Oct, 1951 FIRST PATIENT: 8 Nov, 1951

  19. 1952 … Government creates Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd.

  20. 1950’s … Triple Axis Spectrometer, 1958 Bertram Brockhouse (Nobel Prize in Physics, 1994) Tandem Accelerator, 1959 Ted Litherland, Allan Bromley, Harry Gove

  21. A Canadian Gift to the World: Cancer Therapy and Nuclear Medicine 1950’s …

  22. 1962 … NUCLEAR POWER DEMONSTRATION (Rolphton, Ont.)

  23. 2004… CANDU Reactors Around the World Operating & Under Construction or Refurbishment Canada (22) Romania (2) South Korea (4) China (2) Pakistan (1) India (2) Argentina (1)

  24. Pickering, Ontario(1971-73, 1983-86) Darlington, Ontario (1990-93) Nuclear Power Demonstration (NPD), Ontario (1962) Bruce, Ontario(1977-79, 1985-87) CANDUinCanada Douglas Point, Ontario (1966) Gentilly 1 and 2, Quebec(1971, 1983) Pt. Lepreau, New Brunswick(1983)

  25. Wolsong, South Korea(1982, 1997-99) Embalse, Argentina (1984) Qinshan, China(2002-03) Cernavoda, Romania(1996, 2006, …?) CANDUaroundthe world Kanupp, Pakistan (1972) Rajasthan, India (1973, 1982)

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