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CNS

Altered sensory mapping. Central Sensitization. cerebral cortex. Neurogenic Inflammation. Sympathetic Dysregulation. SP (NK-1R) PPE CGRP (CGRP-R) Vasodilatation Bradykinin (BK-R) hyperalgesia VIP bone remodeling, axon reflux sweating NPY (NPY-Y1-R) hyperalgesia.

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CNS

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  1. Altered sensory mapping Central Sensitization cerebral cortex Neurogenic Inflammation Sympathetic Dysregulation SP (NK-1R) PPE CGRP (CGRP-R) Vasodilatation Bradykinin (BK-R) hyperalgesia VIP bone remodeling, axon reflux sweating NPY (NPY-Y1-R) hyperalgesia adrenoreceptor expression on pain fibers NMDA-R glutamate Mg2+ primary afferent sympathetic sprouting primary afferent can stimulate the release of neuropeptides SP (NK-1R) Dysregulated sympathetic activity (origin in CNS) phenotype switch, acting like pain fibers sympathetic nerve NEP ACE (ACE polymofism) adrenoreceptor hypersensitivity on bloodvessels CNS SP and bradykinin induce components of the classic inflammatory system Disturbed microcirculation (warm or cold limb) TNFα IL-6 IL-1 tryptase T-cell activation B-cell differentiation Macrophages Mast cell degranulation Cytokine production Ischemia PNS NO vasodilatation free radicals lactate acidosis protons Inflammation results in acidosis and free radical formation Classic Inflammation stimulate the release of neuropeptides Hypoxic Changes

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