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Endocrine System

Endocrine System. Structure of the Endocrine System. A network of Endocrine glands Ductless (tubeless) organs or groups of cells that secrete hormones directly into the blood stream

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Endocrine System

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  1. Endocrine System

  2. Structure of the Endocrine System • A network of Endocrine glands • Ductless (tubeless) organs or groups of cells that secrete hormones directly into the blood stream • Hormones – chemical substances that are produced in glands and help regulate many of your body’s functions • Hormones are secreted by the endocrine glands and carried by the blood to their destinations

  3. Glands of the Endocrine System • Thyroid – produces hormones that regulate metabolism, body heat, and bone growth • Parathyroid glands – produce a hormone that regulates the body’s calcium and phosphorus balance • Testes – male reproductive glands produce testosterone • Ovaries – female reproductive glands estrogen & progesteron

  4. Glands of the Endocrine System • Hypothalamus • Links the endocrine system with the nervous system • Stimulates the pituitary gland • Pineal gland – regulates sleep cycles • Thymus gland – regulates the development of the immune system • Pancreas – a gland that serves both the digestive and the endocrine systems • Regulates the level of glucose in the blood (glucagon and insulin)

  5. Pituitary Gland • Regulates and controls the activities of all other endocrine glands • “master gland” • Has 3 lobes (sections) • Anterior lobe • Intermediate lobe • Posterior lobe

  6. Anterior Lobe • Produces 6 hormones • Somatotropic – stimulates normal body growth • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) – stimulates thyroid • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) – stimulates production of hormones in the adrenal glands • 2 hormones stimulate all other sex hormones • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Lutenizing hormone (LH) control the growth, development and functions of the gonads • Gonads – ovaries and testes • In females • FSH – stimulates cells in ovaries to produce estrogen • LH – responsible for ovulation and stimulates ovaries to produce progesterone • In males • LH – stimulates cells in testes to produce testosterone • FSH – controls the production of sperm

  7. Intermediate lobe • Secretes melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) • Controls darkening of the skin – stimulates skin pigments

  8. Posterior lobe • Secretes antidiuretic homone (ADH) • Regulates the balance of water in the body • Produces Oxytocin • Stimulates uterine contractions during the birthing process

  9. Adrenal Glands • Glands that help the body recover from stress and respond to emergencies • Each gland has 2 parts • Adrenal cortex • Secretes a hormone that inhibits the amount of sodium excreted in urine and maintains blood volume and pressure • Secretes a hormone that aids in the metabolism • Adrenal medulla • Controlled by the hypothalamus and the autonomic nervous system • Secretes epinephrine and nor-epinephrine

  10. Problems of the Endocrine System • Diabetes – the pancreas secretes little or no insulin • Graves disease – hyperthyroidism – overactive or enlarged thyroid • Symptoms – nervousness, weight loss, increases thirst, rapid heartbeat, and intolerance for heat • Cushing’s disease – overproduction of adrenal hormones • Symptoms – round face, humped upper back, thin and easily bruised skin, and fragile bones • Goiter – enlarged thyroid – caused by a lack of iodine in the diet • Growth disorders – abnormal amounts of growth hormone

  11. Care of the Endocrine System • Eat nutritious meals • Get enough sleep • Avoid stress

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