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Learning Theories

Learning Theories. Nina P. Driaza Sect. 5552. Outline. Behaviorism Cognitivism Constructivism. Definition: “study of behavior as related to stimulus and response, and the consequences associated with it.” B.F. Skinner: “Learning is a function of change in behavior”

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Learning Theories

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  1. Learning Theories Nina P. Driaza Sect. 5552

  2. Outline • Behaviorism • Cognitivism • Constructivism

  3. Definition: “study of behavior as related to stimulus and response, and the consequences associated with it.” B.F. Skinner: “Learning is a function of change in behavior” Changes in behavior → individual’s response to stimuli. Stimulus-Response (S-R) pattern Reinforcement is the key Principles of Skinner’s theory: Behavior that receives positive reinforcement will be repeated. Presentation of small amounts of information aids reinforcement. Reinforcements will “generalize across stimuli producing secondary conditioning.” Behaviorism http://web.cocc.edu/cbuell/theories/behaviorism.htm

  4. Definition: the study of cognition- mental activity. “Learning is a mental process.” G. Miller: Chunking & short term memory TOTE (Test-Operate-Test-Exit) Principles of Miller’s theory: Short term memory is limited to 7 chunks of information. Planning (TOTE) is a “fundamental cognitive process.” Behavior is organized hierarchically. Cognitivism http://web.cocc.edu/cbuell/theories/cognitivism.htm

  5. Definition: “study of learning as a process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts based upon current and past knowledge.” J. Bruner: 4 aspects of instruction- Predisposition towards learning Structure of information easiest to grasp by learner Most effective sequence to present material Nature and pacing of rewards and punishment Principles of Bruner’s theory: Instruction must make the student willing and able to learn. Instruction must be structured to be grasped easily by student. Instruction must “facilitate extrapolation and/or fill in the gaps.” Constructivism http://web.cocc.edu/cbuell/theories/constructivism.htm

  6. Compare & Contrast

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