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Japanese, European, and American Plums. Chapter 19. Types. Three types of plums. Japanese European American A new plum- aprium hybrid. The three types of plums. Japanese P. salicina – these are the fresh market type of plums. Processed into baby food or preserves. “Santa Rose”
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Japanese, European, and American Plums Chapter 19
Types • Three types of plums. • Japanese • European • American • A new plum-aprium hybrid
The three types of plums • Japanese P. salicina – these are the fresh market type of plums. Processed into baby food or preserves. “Santa Rose” • They are large, round, and very juicy. • They have skin colors of several different colors such as red, yellow, green, to a black. • Flesh is color is normally amber-yellow or red
European plums – P. domestica • These are types of European plums with a high sugar content that allows them to dry without molding. • Thus, prunes • These are normally oval shape. • Blue-purple skin color • Have a dry, mealy, yellow-amber flesh that’s not good for eating fresh.
American - P. americanum, P. angustifolium, P. munsoniana • These are young varieties • Haven’t had much time to breed for size • Fruit is round in shape • With skin and flesh colors of red or yellow
hybrid • Zaiger family bred and named this hybrid ploutsTM • In fact they are plumcots which are ¾ Japanese plum & ¼ Apricot • They have the tangy taste of apricots and the high sugar content as well as hairless skin of plums
Cold Tolerance • Japanese plums and plumcots grow well in zones 6 to 9. • European plums grow well in zones 5 to 7 • American plums grow well in zones 3 to 5
Production in the US • California produces 94%, about 768 million pounds per year. • Oregon, Washington, Idaho, & Michigan produce most of the other 6%. • Japanese plums make up 55% of total production. • European plums make up 45%, which are almost entirely dried into prunes. (99% of the US market) • Plumcots & American make up less than 1%.
Tree growth & limiting factors • Small trees that grow 15’ to 20’ tall and wide. • Japanese & plumcots grow wider, while European plums grow more upright. • They can grow for 20 to 30 years. • Japanese & plumcots come into production, 3rd. or 4th. Leaf. • European & American come into production, 4th. or 5th. Leaf.
Fruiting wood • Plums bear most fruit on short spurs arising from 2 year old or older wood.
Site Selection & Preparation • Japanese plums & plumcots need sites similar to that for peaches. • Few spring frost since they bloom early. • 500 – 1000 foot elevations are optimal. • Excellent soil drainage if grafted to peach rootstocks. • Moderately well drained soil drainage if grafted to plum rootstocks.
Site Selection & Preparation • European plums need sites similar to apples. • Early frost are not a problem because they bloom late. • 1500 – 2000 foot elevations are optimal. • Moderately well drained soil drainage.
Orchard Design • Row space • Tree space
San Jose Scale Male Female
Katydids Adult Nymphs
