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Endocrine System

Endocrine System. Endocrine System Overview. Defined : Body system that controls growth, development, environmental responses Physically disconnected Glands : Major organs of the endocrine system Make hormones Hormones : chemical signals that move through blood stream

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Endocrine System

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  1. Endocrine System

  2. Endocrine System Overview • Defined: Body system that controls growth, development, environmental responses • Physically disconnected • Glands: Major organs of the endocrine system • Make hormones • Hormones: chemical signals that move through blood stream • Hormones attach to cell receptor • Cause target cells produce proteins

  3. Steroid & Non-Steroid Hormones • Naturally produced by the body • Travel through blood • Attach to receptor of target cells • Target cell creates proteins

  4. Steroid hormone Non-steroid hormone receptor receptor second messenger DNA activated enzymes proteins • Steroid hormones enter into the cell. • Non-steroid hormones do not enter the cell. Differences Between Steroid & Nonsteroid Hormones Nonsteroid hormone binds to receptor on the cell membrane. Steroid hormone diffuses through the cell membrane Steroid hormone binds to a receptor within the cell. Receptor stimulates a 2nd messenger with in the cell. nucleus 2nd messenger starts a series of chemical reactions in cytoplasm. The hormone and receptor enter the nucleus and bind to DNA Chemical reactions Steroid hormone causes DNA to make proteins. 2nd messenger reactions activate enzymes.

  5. YouTube clip: Endocrine system

  6. Major Glands • Glands create hormones (C) Hypothalamus • Stimulates the pituitary gland to release hormones • Helps control growth, reproduction, body temp (B) Pituitary gland • Controls cell growth • Stimulates other glands (A) Thyroid gland • Regulates metabolism, growth, development (D) Thymus • Allows WBCs to mature to fight infection

  7. Major Glands (E) Adrenal Glands • Controls “fight or flight” response • Increases breathing, alertness, blood pressure (F) Pancreas • Controls glucose level in blood • Gonads: influence sexual development (H) Testes (XY): produces testosterone (G) Ovaries (XX): produces estrogen, progesterone

  8. Effects of testosterone

  9. cold • Connected by the hypothalamus in the brain • Receives signals from sensors (sensory neurons) • Produces releasing hormones that stimulate other glands to produce hormones. • Ex: Used in thermoregulation to maintain homeostasis Communication Between Nervous System & Endocrine System hormone A hormone B hormone C

  10. hypothalamus Pituitary gland Thyroid thymus Adrenal glands pancreas ovaries testes

  11. Review • What are glands and what do they release? • What do hormones direct cells to create? • How do hormones travel through the body? • What gland connects the endocrine and nervous systems? • What are the differences between steroid and nonsteroid hormones? • Examine the diagram of the endocrine system on slide #12. Practice labeling the 8 different glands. • Which gland…. • releases insulin to lower blood sugar levels? • increases your alertness and blood pressure? • helps your white blood cells mature? • is located atop your kidneys? • are found in your brain (two answers)? • is considered your body’s thermostat?

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