The New England Colonies

1. The New England Colonies Section 3.2

2. How did the New England Colonies form? Originally there was Plymouth, this colony later merged with M.B.C. to become Massachusetts (Pilgrims and Puritans lived together) Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630)-John Winthrop led the Puritans to Boston to establish a Christian community. (They were still part of the Church of England, unlike the Pilgrims.) They set up a basic representative govt. but didn’t accept other religions. Export: lumber, ships, fish, whale oil. Disagreements about religion led to the founding of other New England colonies

3. New Hampshire • New Hampshire (1638)-was founded by John Wheelwright when he was forced to leave M.B.C. Mostly for religious freedom. • Wheelwright was a Puritan minster who got kicked out of M.B.C. for defending Anne Hutchinson • Exports-Furs, Cattle & Ships

4. Connecticut • Connecticut(1636)-Thomas Hooker led a group to this area. • Religious and political freedom. • They wrote the first American Constitution. • Exports-Iron, Cattle, Grain & Ships

5. Rhode Island • Rhode Island (1636)-Roger Williams started this colony for religious freedom. • Anne Hutchinson tested the religious and female boundaries. Forced to leave M.B.C. She started her own settlement-became part of Rhode Island. • Exports-Iron & Rum

7. Native American Relations • Native Americans had good and bad interactions with the colonists. • King Philip’s War was fought between the Puritans and the Native Americans (to stop European expansion.) • Metacom (called King Phillip by the Europeans)led the confederation of indigenous peoples that included the Wampanoag and Narraganset tribes. • It was one of the most costly wars of resistance in New England history.

8. Question: What was the main reason why the New England colonies formed?

9. Answer: Religious freedom

10. The Middle Colonies Section 3.3

11. New York • 1624, Duke of York • Originally called New Netherland, a Dutch colony that was occupied by patroons. (Dutch, German, Swedish, and Finish lived there) • The English took over the valuable colony and renamed it New York. New York had a very diverse population and became one of the fastest growing areas in America. It Expanded British trade. • It was the first proprietary colony • What is a proprietary colony?-When the king grants an individual land, to gain a profit.(from your homework) • The earlier colonies were charter colonies. • 3 types of colonies created by the British-charter, royal, proprietary James, Duke of York, for which the colony was named

12. Delaware • 1638 (became it’s own colony in 1704), No leader • Mostly Swedish settlers (originally Dutch controlled) became an English colony when they took N.Y. • Initially part of Pennsylvania, but it was soon determined to be too far from Philadelphia and in 1704 it became a separate colony. • Helped expand British trade

13. New Jersey • 1664 • Started by John Berkeley and George Carteret • Originally part of N.Y., broke off to make money • People flocked to N.J. because of the opportunity for general freedoms. Profit from selling land and trading. • At first a proprietary colony then turned to a royal colony. Left: Berkley Right: Carteret

14. Pennsylvania • 1682 • Started by William Penn for the Quakers. Pennsylvania was a peaceful and religiously tolerant settlement. • Profits from land sales/trade(proprietary) • Quakers believed that all people had an “inner light” with God. • They were against slavery and women were treated as equals. • Freedom of religion and peace with Native Americans Penn

15. Middle Colonies • The most diverse population of the three regions. Many nationalities living under British rule. • Helped expand British trade in the colonies • The western edge of the middle colonies was called the backcountry-this area extended into the uninhabited (by whites) land. • Many Scotch-Irish and Germans moved to the Middle Colonies for it’s toleration.

17. Question: What was one overarching characteristic of the middle colonies? (something they all had in common)

18. Answer: They had a very diverse population, made up of many ethnic groups. Many Scotch-Irish, German, Dutch and Swedish families moved to the middle colonies. There was also a fair amount of religious toleration, especially in Pennsylvania where the Quakers lived. Also used to expand British trade.

19. The Southern Colonies Section 3.4

20. Virginia (1607) • Originally started by John Smith (Jamestown.) • Continued to expand and profit, but problems developed between colonists and the Native Americans. • Bacon’s Rebellion-a wealthy planter led raids on Native American villages and Jamestown. • Tobacco was the main crop

21. Maryland (1634) • Started by Cecil Calvert • Started as a Catholic refuge and to profit from selling land. • Also brought many indentured servants and slaves to help with the crops, tobacco Cecil Calvert (also known as Lord Baltimore)

22. The Carolinas (1663) North (1712) South (1719) • Led by a group of 8 proprietors • Two profitable colonies, created for prominent members of the king’s courts. • Profit from selling land and trade. • Crops, tobacco, and slavery were very important to these areas. Georgia (1733) • Started by James Oglethorpe • Created for religious freedom and a fresh start from debt. The colony also served as protection against the Spanish and Native Americans—it was a buffer!

23. The Southern Colonies • Mostly created to sell and profit from the land. • Slavery becomes and important part of colonial society in the South. • Life in the South is based on developing agriculture.

24. The Mason-Dixon Line • Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon were hired to settle the boundary dispute between Pennsylvania and Maryland. • They created the Mason-Dixon Line. • After the American Revolution this line divided the slave states and the states where slavery had been abolished. • Five colonies were south of the Mason-Dixon: Maryland, Virginia, North and South Carolina and Georgia

25. Question: Why is the Mason-Dixon line significant to American history?

26. Answer: It provided the dividing line in the United States between the Northern free states and the Southern slave states after the American Revolution. A "crownstone" boundary monument on the Mason-Dixon Line. The coat of arms of Maryland's founding Calvert family is shown. On the other side are the arms of William Penn.

27. Question: List one product grown or produced in each of the three regions of colonies. Be sure to specify what product comes from each region.

29. Answer: New England- grain, cattle, lumber, fish, whales, furs, ships, rum, iron Middle- grain, cattle, fish, lumber, rum, iron Southern- rice, indigo, cattle, grain, tobacco, fish, lumber, iron, rum, cotton