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Exploring Protists: Diverse Eukaryotic Organisms on Earth

Learn about the fascinating world of protists, the first eukaryotic organisms on Earth, including animal-like, plant-like, and fungus-like protists. Explore their varying body plans, movement, and classification based on feeding methods. Discover the characteristics, reproduction processes, and diseases associated with animal-like protists. Dive into the world of plant-like protists, such as Euglenophytes, Diatoms, and Red Algae. Uncover the unique features, habitats, and ecological roles of these diverse protists.

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Exploring Protists: Diverse Eukaryotic Organisms on Earth

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  1. Protists Ch.25

  2. Protist • Diverse • Eukaryotes • Uni or multicelled • Varying body plans and movement

  3. History • First eukaryotic organisms on Earth about 2 bya • Kingdom Protista (greek for first)

  4. Classifying Protists • Based on feeding: • Animal-like protists - heterotrophs • Plant-like protists - photosynthesis (autotrophs) • Fungus-like protists - external digestion (decomposer/parasite)

  5. Characterized By: • Body plan (uni or multicellular) • Means of obtaining food • (autotrophs vs heterotrophs) • Motility (flagella, cilia, or pseudopods)

  6. Reproduction • Most asexually: (genetically identical) binary fission multiple fission • Sexually conjugation

  7. Animal-like Protist • 4 Phyla: • Sarcomastigophora (zooflagellates) • Protozoa (sarcodines) • Ciliophora (ciliates) • Apicomplexa (sporozoans)

  8. Zooflagellates • Swim w/ flagella (long whip-like tails) Have 1 or 2 • Sexual or Asexual • Many are free living • Some parasites • Ex: Trypanosoma, African sleeping sickness

  9. Sarcodines • Move thru pseudopods (“false feet”) • Extensions of cytoplasm • Prey on smaller cells (bacteria) • Asexual • Exs: Amoebas, formanifera

  10. Ciliates • Move cilia (hairs) • Ponds and slow moving streams • Asexual • Some conjugate (exchange genetic material) - not repro. • Exs: Paramecium

  11. Characteristics • Pellicle • Oral groove • Mouth pore • Gullett • Anal pore • Contractile Vacuoles • Macronucleus • Micronucleus

  12. Sporozoan • Parasites • 4000 adult forms with no locomotion • Complex life cycle (both asexual and sexual) • Sporozoites • Ex: Plasmodium (malaria)

  13. Animal Like Protist Diseases • Malaria • African sleeping sickness (Trypanosoma) • Amebic dysentery (Entamoeba) • Giardia

  14. Plant-like Protists • Phyla: • Euglenophyta (Euglenophytes) • Chrysophyta (Chrysophytes/Golden Algae) • Bacillariophyta (Diatoms) • Dinoflagellata (Dinoflagellates) • Rhodophyta (Red Algae) • Phaeophyta (Brown Algae) • Chlorophyta (Green Algae)

  15. Euglenophytes • Flagella, chloroplast, no cell wall, eyespot • Change shape • Binary fission • Swimmers • Exs: Euglena

  16. Chrysophytes • Yellow-green algae, golden brown algae • Gold colored chloroplasts • Most live in freshwater/few in marine • Can form cyst in harsh conditions

  17. Diatoms • Cells walls of silicon (glass) • Patterns & lines etched in glass cell walls (shine) • Producers in freshwater marine webs • Release atmospheric oxygen

  18. Dinoflagellates • 2 flagella • Cell walls (looks like armor) • Luminescent (give off light) • Red Tide (toxic)

  19. Red Algae • Deep in oceans • Most multi-celled • Form coral reefs • Photosynthetic • Most marine seaweeds

  20. Brown Algae • Dark yellow, brown color • Largest & most complex algae • Muti-celled, marine, cool temp water • Ex: Kelp, Sargassum, Rockweed

  21. Green Algae • Photosynthetic • Cell wall = cellulose • # of body forms (single celled, colonies, filaments, and multicellular • Exs: Chlamydomonas, Volvox, Ulva

  22. Phytoplankton • Photosynthetic protists near ocean surface • Half of photo on Earth

  23. Fungus-like Protists • TypesPhyla: • Myxomycota (Slime Molds) • Oomycota (Water Molds)

  24. Slime Molds • Damp, rich organic matter (forest floor, compost) • Forms stalks with spores • Recycle organic material

  25. Water Mold • Eat dead matter in water (like dead fish with white fuzz) • Caused great potato famine in Ireland

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