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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. BREATHING MECHANISM AND LUNG VOLUMES & CAPACITIES. Passive  atmospheric pressure compared to intraalveolar pressure 760 mmHg – atm. Pressure Diapragm contracts – moves downward Increase volume: decrease pressure Air moves in

justin-richard
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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

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  1. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM BREATHING MECHANISM AND LUNG VOLUMES & CAPACITIES

  2. Passive  atmospheric pressure compared to intraalveolar pressure 760 mmHg – atm. Pressure Diapragm contracts – moves downward Increase volume: decrease pressure Air moves in Added Muscles: external intercostal, sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis minor surface tension of parietal and visceral pleural membranes Compliance INSPIRATION PRESSURES OF INSPIRATION

  3. Elastic Recoil – passive process Decrease volume: increase pressure Air moves out Added force: internal intercostal + abdominal muscles Non Respiratory Air Movements Cough, sneeze, laugh, cry, hiccup, yawn, speech EXPIRATION

  4. Tidal volume (TV) – normal inhale/exhale Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) – max inhale after normal Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) – max exhale after normal exhale Residual Volume (RV) – amount left in lungs after max. exhale Vital Capacity – total volume of max inhale to max exhale IRV + TV + ERV Inspiratory Capacity – Max. inhale IRV + TV Functional Residual Capacity – amount left in lungs after normal exhale ERV + RV Total Lung Capacity – max amount of gas in lungs IRV + TV + ERV + RV LUNG VOLUMES AND CAPACITIES GRAPH

  5. CONTROL OF BREATHING • Rhythmic, involuntary • Respiratory center – medulla oblongata + pons • Medullary rhythmicity center • Dorsal: rhythm • Ventral: forceful breaths • Pneumotaxic area • Rate of breathing • Factors affecting breathing • CO2 and H+ ions • Low O2 • Hering-Bruer Reflex • Emotional upset • Hyperventilation and Holding Breath FACTORS

  6. PRESSURES OF INSPIRATION

  7. FACTORS AFFECTINGBREATHRATE

  8. Lung Volumes and Capacities

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