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Two Types of Cell Transport

Explore passive transport, which moves substances across cell membranes without energy, and active transport, involving energy consumption. Discover the vital role of mitochondria, the site of cellular respiration, and learn about Membrane Associated Pumps (MAPs) in active transport. Understand how cells maintain balance and utilize transport mechanisms.

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Two Types of Cell Transport

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  1. Two Types of Cell Transport • Passive Transport: • Movement across the cell membrane (in and out of the cell) that does NOT require energy • Active Transport: • Movement across the cell membrane that NEEDS ENERGY FROM WHERE?!?

  2. Mitochondria • Place where cell converts food to energy • Harvests energy to make ATP

  3. Site of Cellular Respiration sugar + O2 ATP energy + CO2 + H2O + Heat Storage form of energy used by a cell to do “work” -12 to 1000 mitochondria per cell -plant cells have less than animal cells. Why? -less active -require less energy -Which cells in our body would have the most mitochondria? -muscle cells ~ very active

  4. Active Transport • -Movement across the cell membrane that NEEDS ENERGY • Examples: • 1. Membrane Associated Pumps (MAPs) • 2.Endocytosis • 3. Exocytosis

  5. 1. MAPs ~ Membrane Associated Pumps -energy driven protein motors that move specific types of solutes across the cell membrane AGAINST the concentration gradient -from a low into a high concentration High Low -in order for the cell to expend energy to move items across there must be a “real” need or items must be really toxic

  6. 1. MAPs ~ Membrane Associated Pumps • 2 Types: • Calcium Pump • Sodium-Potassium Pump • Calcium (Ca++)…Sodium (Na+)…Potassium(K+) • The only items the CELL WILL PUMP

  7. Sodium (Na+) – Potassium (K+) Pump Sodium (Na+) out of the cell, Potassium (K+) into the cell

  8. Sodium (Na+) – Potassium (K+) Pump Cytolysis • WHY?!? • Too much Na+ inside = toxic • If increase salt (NaCl) inside cell (making outside environment Hypotonic), increase the water taken in and cell could burst!!! • So, cells pump out Na+ • Muscles require (REALLY NEED) a lot of K+ so they “hoard” it • So, muscles cells pump in K+

  9. Bones and teeth require a lot of calcium to remain strong. Therefore they must “hoard” large amounts of calcium. Calcium must move from a low concentration in our blood into a high concentration in the cells of both the teeth and the bones. H L H

  10. Membrane Associated Pumps LINK!!

  11. Endocytosis Link!!!! Endo = IN Cyto = CELL Cell membrane surrounds and engulfs items taking them into the cell.

  12. Three Types of Endocytosis 1. Phagocytosis: “Cell Eating” • Cell surrounds and engulfs solid items…bringing them into the cell • Examples: Ameoba and White Blood Cells

  13. Three Types of Endocytosis 2. Pinocytosis: “Cell Drinking” • Cell surrounds and engulfs substances dissolved in water…bringing them into the cell

  14. Three Types of Endocytosis 3. Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis: • Hormones, vitamins, and minerals attach to specific receptor proteins…once attached, the membrane pinches together…bringing them into the cell

  15. Exocytosis: Link!!! Exo = OUT Cyto= CELL -Cell membrane opens up and forces items out of the cell. Examples: in Protists Contractile Vacuoles Anal pores

  16. 2. Types of Exocytosis: • Excretion: • -waste is forced out of the cell • -Ex: mucus, sweat, tears….. 2. Secretion: -items made by the cell and needed in other places are forced out of the cell -Ex: hormones, digestive enzymes, saliva

  17. Protists & Cell Transport • Passive Transport: • Protists MUST maintain osmotic balance • Contractile Vacuole…excess water collects here…once it swells…the contents are discharged • Gas Exchange: Oxygen diffuses in…Carbon Dioxide diffuses out Paramecium

  18. Here’s Where Cell Transport Steps In • Active Transport: • Captures prey • Cytoplasm surrounds the prey to engulf it…ENDOCYTOSIS…specifically Phagocytosis • Forms a Food Vacuole where digestive enzymes break the food down Amoeba

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