1 / 28

Chapter 10 “And Black People Were at the Heart of It”; The United States Disunites over Slavery

Chapter 10 “And Black People Were at the Heart of It”; The United States Disunites over Slavery. I. Free Labor ~ Slave Labor. Slavery in the western lands Legal or outlawed? Divided the nation Southern white people supported slavery Northern white people opposed slavery in territories

kaia
Download Presentation

Chapter 10 “And Black People Were at the Heart of It”; The United States Disunites over Slavery

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 10 “And Black People Were at the Heart of It”; The United States Disunites over Slavery

  2. I. Free Labor ~ Slave Labor • Slavery in the western lands • Legal or outlawed? • Divided the nation • Southern white people supported slavery • Northern white people opposed slavery in territories • Racism • Competition for jobs

  3. Free Labor ~ Slave Labor (cont.) • Free labor • Slavery threatened white labor • Depressed wages for white labor • Labor: demeaned in the South • Labor: dignified in the North

  4. The Wilmot Proviso • Mexican War • Prohibited slavery in lands acquired from Mexico • Passed in House, failed in Senate • Southerners enraged • First step toward eliminating slavery

  5. Election 1848 • Zachary Taylor • Lewis Cass • Martin Van Buren • Free Soil Party, 1848 • Opposed slavery in territories • Racist • Abolitionist support

  6. California and the Compromise of 1850 • Gold discovery lured thousands • Applied for admission as a free state • Southern whites opposed • Compromise of 1850 • Henry Clay tried to give something to everyone • California free state • End slave trade in Washington • Stronger fugitive slave labor law • No restrictions on Utah and New Mexico • See Map 10-1

  7. The Compromise of 1850 (cont.) • John C. Calhoun • Daniel Webster • William Seward • President Zachary Taylor • Millard Fillmore • Stephen Douglas • Bill divided in separate parts • Won passage

  8. Fugitive Slave Laws • Fugitive slave law, 1793 • Permitted recovery of escaped slaves • Too weak to overcome northern resistance • Personal liberty laws • State officials not obligated to aid recovery • Prigg v. Pennsylvania, 1842 • Nine states passed liberty laws, 1842-1850

  9. Fugitive Slave Law, 1850 • Everyone must help capture suspects • Stiff fines or jail • Documents from home state or testimony of witnesses to claim runaway • Commissioners • Received $5 when declared captive free • Received $10 for captives returned to bondage • Claimed extra paper work • 332 returned to slavery and 11 released • See VOICES

  10. II. Fugitive Slaves • William and Ellen Craft • Shadrach • The Battle of Christiana • Government attempts failed to prosecute those who fought officials or aided the runaways

  11. Anthony Burns • Escaped from a Virginia slave owner in 1854 • Arrested in Boston • Placed under heavy guard • Failed breakout • U.S. troops sent to Boston • Authorities refuse offers to buy Burns’ freedom • Thousands watched as Burns marched to waiting ship • Reaction • Garrison burned a copy of Constitution on July 4th • Compromise Whigs emerge as abolitionists • No Boston jury would convict

  12. Margaret Garner • Escaped to Cincinnati in 1856 with others slaves • Before arrested, she slits her daughter’s throat • Garner was disarmed before killing her two sons • Basis of Tony Morrison’s novel Beloved

  13. III. The Rochester Convention • African Americans, 1853 • Called for greater unity among black people • Sought ways to improve their economic prospects • Asserted claims to citizenship • Equal protection • Frederick Douglass • Called for vocational training

  14. IV. Nativism and the Know-Nothings • Rising anti-immigrant feeling • Roman Catholic Irish and German • Alarmed native-born white Protestants • Fears of Catholic conspiracy • Added to political turmoil • Attacks on Catholic churches and convents • Know-Nothings • Some political success

  15. V. Uncle Tom’s Cabin • Harriet Beecher Stowe • Sold 300,000 copies in a year • Made brutality of slavery personal • Infuriated southerners • False depiction of their way of life • Stowe had never visited the Deep South

  16. VI. The Kansas-Nebraska Act • Stephen Douglas, 1854 • Transcontinental railroad • Divided territory • Popular Sovereignty • Repeal of Missouri Compromise • Won southern support

  17. The Kansas-Nebraska Act (cont.) • Destroyed Whig party • Divided North and South • Anti-Nebraska parties form • Violence erupted in Kansas and Congress • “Bleeding Kansas” • Brooks and Sumner

  18. VII. Preston Brooks and Charles Summer • Charles Sumner • “Crime Against Kansas” • Preston Brooks • Defends southern honor

  19. VIII. The Dred Scott Decision • Questions for the court • Could a black man sue in federal court? • Did taking a slave to a state or territory where bondage was prohibited free the slave? • Roger Taney • Blacks not citizens. • No rights the white man bound to respect. • Missouri Compromise unconstitutional

  20. Scott Decision: Reaction • Divided country • Republicans horrified • Meetings and rallies • Frederick Douglass • Decision would help destroy slavery

  21. IX. White Northerners - Black Americans • Racism • Most white northerners remain • Indifferent, fearful, hostile toward people of color • Ohio, Illinois, Indiana white people • Supported Fugitive Slave Law • Opposed slavery expansion • Free blacks in northern states • Indiana, Iowa banned blacks, free or slaves, 1851 • Illinois, 1853

  22. X. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates • Stephen Douglas • Freeport Doctrine • Dred Scott • Popular Sovereignty • People could still decide • Positive law needed to protect slavery

  23. XI. Abraham Lincoln and Black People • Lincoln did not believe in racial equality • Believed in the right to be paid for labor

  24. XII. John Brown: Raid on Harpers Ferry • John Brown • Staunchly religious • Attract and arm slaves • Incite insurrection and end slavery • Financial support • Secret Six • October 16th, 1859 raid begins • Utter failure • U.S. Marines wounded and captured Brown

  25. Raid and Reaction • Increased tensions, North and South • Southerners traumatized and terrified • Northern approbation enraged southerners • Justified long-held beliefs about northern agitation • Execution • Brown becomes a northern hero • Moved South closer to secession and end to slavery

  26. XIII. The Election of Abraham Lincoln • Four candidates, 1860 election • John Bell • John C. Breckenridge • Stephen Douglas • Abraham Lincoln • Democratic Party split ensured Lincoln’s victory • Not on ballot in most southern states • Abolitionists feared Lincoln too tolerant of slavery

  27. XIV. Disunion • South Carolina secedes December 20th, 1860 • By February, seven Deep South states seceded • Lincoln tried to calm southern fears • “Only” dispute was over the expansion of slavery • Promised to enforce the Constitution • Not interfere with slavery where it existed • Not tolerate secession

  28. XV. Conclusion • Slavery • Minor and major events between 1846-1861 • Involved black people and the expansion of slavery • Increasingly polarized Americans • No secession and no Civil War • Without the agitation over slavery in the territories

More Related