World War 1 The Great War

1. World War 1 The Great War

2. My Idiosyncrasies and Teaching Method You will see the following a lot -- TTYN: Talk To Your Neighbor or in other words, an opportunity to incorporate cooperative learning Do Now’s: Every class period begins with some type of “Do Now” If I have given homework (usually reading), I will assess what was learned. If the class period revolves around an activity, the Do Now will set up what we are about to learn. Common Core: I believe all of lessons and activities align with the Common Core. Quizzes and Tests: You are on your own. I generally structure my exams after NYS Regents. In other words, a little bit of everything, which includes a major writing element. Unit exams generally take two days. The second day will feature the writing element. Quizzes – Always involves some type of literacy activity such as mini DBQ’s, short-answer response, thesis statements, etc….

3. What to expect during this unit • To learn about the events leading up to World War I • To learn about World War I • To learn about the results of the war • DBQ Practice • Plenty of group work • Maybe a surprise quiz or two • Unit Test

13. TTYN: What is the author of the poem trying to tell us? What passing-bells for these who die as cattle?  Only the monstrous anger of the guns.  Only the stuttering rifles' rapid rattle  Can patter out3 their hasty orisons.4 No mockeries5 now for them; no prayers nor bells;  Nor any voice of mourning save the choirs, – The shrill, demented6 choirs of wailing shells;  And bugles7 calling for them from sad shires.8 What candles9 may be held to speed them all?  Not in the hands of boys but in their eyes  Shall shine the holy glimmers of goodbyes.  The pallor10 of girls' brows shall be their pall;  Their flowers the tenderness of patient minds,  And each slow dusk11 a drawing-down of blinds - Wilfred Owens

14. K-W-L World War I - TTYN What I Want to Learn about WWI What I Learned about WWI What I Know about WWI

15. Causes of World War 1 • War Guilt Question • Rise in Nationalism • Imperialism and International Rivalry • Internal Stability • Complex Alliance System • Assassination of Franz Ferdinand • German Blank Check and Quick Mobilization

16. Activity • Learning Stations: Causes of World War I • LESSON TITLE: Causes of WWI • SUBJECT/GRADE LEVEL: Global Studies II • TIME PERIOD: Two Class Periods • STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO: • Students will be able to Identify and describe the events that caused the start of World War I • MATERIALS: Do-now question, Primary Source Reading, Learning Stations Material, PowerPoint, 3-2-1Organizer • WARM-UP: • 1. Do Now: • - Describe why the assassination of the Archduke is considered a trigger to the start of WWI

17. Activity • Learning Stations: Causes of World War I • 2. Big Group Discussion: • Students and teacher will work cooperatively responding to previous night’s primary source reading on the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand. • 3. Small Group Activity: • - Working in small groups, students will rotate through Learning Stations examining the four primary causes associated with the start of WWI in Europe. • 4. Big Group Discussion: • - Utilizing the WWI PowerPoint, the students and teacher will examine their interpretations regarding what was during learned during the Learning Station Activity. • 5. Assessment: • Students will complete a 3-2-1 Graphic Organizer

18. Activity • Learning Stations: Causes of World War I BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF THE LESSON/ACTIVITY: Begin class with an anticipatory set to encourage students to call upon what was learned from the previous night’s reading and corresponding summary statement from the article, The Killing of the Archduke. Next, working in small groups, each group will analyze primary and secondary source material while rotating through four stations, which examines the primary causes of WWI. Next, in a big group format, the students and teacher will examine a teacher-designed PowerPoint that highlights the primary causes of the start of WWI. Finally, in an effort to measure student assessment, the students will complete a 3-2-1 Graphic Organizer.

19. Timeline Notice How the U.S. responds to the start of the war

20. War Guilt Question • Few issues in modern history have received as much attention as assigning responsibility for the outbreak of the World War in 1914. • Leaders reacted to events instead of proactively managing the crisis • Austrians, Hungarians and Serbs made important decisions early in the crisis, they consistently avoided compromise and risked war • There was plenty of time for calculation, caution and decision. • Who chose to risk war, and why? • Let the dominos fall

21. Rise in Nationalism TTYN: Describe nationalism • How nationalism was a long-term cause of WWI • Germany was extremely proud of the military power that they had become after the Franco-Prussian War. • As a new unified nation after January of 1871, the Germans felt nearly unstoppable as a world power. • The French on the other hand had been embarrassed by the Germans and found it necessary to regain their pride.

22. Rise in Nationalism • How nationalism was a long-term cause of WWI • Feelings of resentment led to the massive militarism between Germany and France • Growth of Pan-Slavism and the unification of all Slavic peoples • Protected by Russia, the areas around Serbia became very unstable. • The Serbians were prepared to create their own independent Slavic state supported by the Russians. • This will lead to what we call the “Balkan Powder Keg” or an area in the Balkans that would only take a minor issue to explode into full on war

23. Assassination of Franz Ferdinand The Trigger: Serbian Nationalism The Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie, assassinated in Sarajevo on June 28th, 1914 by young Bosnian terrorist GabrilloPrincip.

24. Rise in Nationalism • Why the “European or Balkan Powder Keg” exploded • Principal Players: Austria-Hungary and Serbia • The Black Hand - an anti-Austrian secret society…A nationalist Serbia group • Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the Hapsburgheir to the Austro-Hungarian throne • The decline of the Ottoman Empire and rise of nationalism in the Balkans threatened the stability of Austria-Hungary, which did not want to be the next “Sick Man of Europe”

25. Rise in Nationalism • Why the “European or Balkan Powder Keg” exploded • Large Slavic population with Russia acting as their mother • Austria-Hungary issued Serbia with various ultimatums • No more anti-monarchist propaganda • Purge the Serbian military • Quick sentencing for the guilty • Germany promises to support Austria’s decisions • July 28, 1914, Austria declares war on Serbia

26. Rise in Nationalism • Why the “European or Balkan Powder Keg” exploded • TTYN: • What was the purpose of the assassination of Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo • Who was responsible for the killing, besides the assassins themselves?

27. Complex Alliance System • Two major alliances that developed prior to WWI • Triple Entente (Allies) • Triple Alliance (Central Powers). • The Triple Entente consisted of Great Britain, France and Russia. • Created in an effort to counter the Triple Alliance • Triple Alliance consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. • Italy finds that it is in their best interest to wait and see what unfolds during the war; thus, allowing them to further their growth as a nation. • TTYN: What is an alliance?

28. Complex Alliance System • The Central Powers will eventually consist of Austro-Hungary (1914), the German Empire (1914), the Ottoman Empire (1914), and the Kingdom of Bulgaria (1915). • The Triple Entente would become known as the Allied Powers and grow considerably, consisting of the Kingdom of Belgium, Kingdom of Serbia, the French Third Republic, the Russian Empire, the British Empire, the Kingdom of Italy, the Empire of Japan, the United States, the Portuguese Republic, the Kingdom of Romania, the Kingdom of Greece and many others who lent military and financial aid. • TTYN: What event can we conclude was the start of WWI • July 28, 1914, Austria declares war on Serbia

30. Small Group Activity Refer to Notes Packet Identify country and allegiance (Alliance or Entente) Identify other countries missing from map and their respective allegiance

33. Complex Alliance System • Why can we consider Austria declaring war on Serbia as the start of WWI? • Chain Reaction • Russia Mobilized Along Austria-Hungarian Border • Germany Declared War on Russia and France….Why France? •  UK and France Declared War on Germany and Austria-Hungary • TTYN: • Was a war inevitable after the murder, or did policy-makers let the crisis escape their control? • Why did a Balkan crisis lead to a world war in 1914, when other crises had not?

34. Imperialism and International Rivalry TTYN: Describe Imperialism • Nations from around the globe were competing for control of colonies in order to gain….to gain what? • Germany attempts to control lands in Africa, a place that Britain and France were already established. • In 1905 and 1911 Germany was attempting to keep France from imposing a protectorate on Morocco. • Resulting in Britain and France became closer allies in the conflict against Germany. • Britain and France believed that keeping Germany out of Africa, the Germans would not be able to build themselves into a threatening power. Land, Resources, and Influence

35. International Rivalry The race to imperialize came with consequences The race to militarize. TTYN: What does it mean to militarize? The glorification of one’s military. Also the belief of a nation or its people to build and maintain a strong military, with the intention to use it whenever it is felt necessary. • Remember Bismarck? Bismarck made it his goal to keep the unified German State prepared to defend itself against France. • He felt that it was necessary to keep France isolated and weak at all cost. • France---Understanding that Germany was building a large military, saw it as a necessity to in turn build a large military to protect themselves against the Germans. • In other words, two nations doing their very best to prepare to annihilate the other.

36. International Rivalry • The Germans were also threatening the British by building a large Navy, making the British feel insecure about their place amongst the world’s elite navies for the first time in nearly a hundred years. • British reaction - building a larger navy. • Not in a vacuum - Prior to the outbreak of WWI. It does not take long for these countries to find a reason to use their militaries against each other in an attempt to prove who is superior.

38. K-W-L World War I - TTYN What I Know about WWI What I Want to Learn about WWI What I Learned about WWI

39. Recapping the Causes of World War 1 • War Guilt Question • Rise in Nationalism • Imperialism and International Rivalry • Internal Stability • Complex Alliance System • Assassination of Franz Ferdinand • German Blank Check and Quick Mobilization Each of the above underlying causes can be neatly packed into the following acronym: M.A.I.N. • TTYN:Thinking about what we have learned so far about WW1 and the potential causes: breakdown the acronym M.A.I.N. What does each letter represent and how does each reflect a potential cause of WW1? Militarism – Alliances – Imperialism - Nationalism

40. DBQ Time • Task: • Working cooperatively, each group shall respond to the seven documents • Individually, each student must prepare a thesis statement, which answers the following essay prompt: • What were the primary causes of World War I • Individually, each student must complete a well-organized outline that would be used if writing a thematic essay AND compliments thesis statement.

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48. Total War • Topics we will learn about: • Schlieffen Plan • Trench Warfare • Battle of Verdun • Turning Points • Technology

49. Total War Small Group Activity WWI Geography Map

50. Total War TTYN: What is Total War? • The First World War was truly ‘the Great War’ • A Global Conflict. • Thirty-two nations would eventually be involved • 28 nations constituted the Allied Powers • Geography – meant that the scale of the conflict meant that it was not one war but many • Geography - made it very difficult for political and military leaders to control events.