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The Rise of Monarchies

The Rise of Monarchies. 900 C.E. – 1500 C.E. French Kings & Their Accomplishments. 937 – Hugh Capet Established a line of kings lasting 300+ years. France. French Kings & Their Accomplishments. 1108 – Louis VI (Louis the Fat) Got rid of disloyal nobles

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The Rise of Monarchies

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  1. The Rise of Monarchies 900 C.E. – 1500 C.E.

  2. French Kings & Their Accomplishments • 937 – Hugh Capet • Established a line of kings lasting 300+ years

  3. France

  4. French Kings & Their Accomplishments • 1108 – Louis VI (Louis the Fat) • Got rid of disloyal nobles • Stopped raids of lawless vassals • Granted town charters

  5. French Kings & Their Accomplishments • 1179 – 1223 – Philip II (Philip Augustus) • Made Paris center of government • Increased French territory • -marriage • -took land back from English • Appointed royal agents during Crusades

  6. French Kings & Their Accomplishments • 1226 – Louis IX • Ordered nobles to stop fighting • Outlawed dueling • Centralized money minting (nobles no longer) • Set up royal court

  7. French Kings & Their Accomplishments • 1285 – 1314 Philip IV (Philip the Fair) • Seized English fortresses in France • Warred w/ Flemish over cloth trade • Collected taxes regularly • Established Estates-General • Made of nobles, clergy, & townspeople • United all of France under 1 ruler

  8. England

  9. English Kings & Their Accomplishments • 1042 – Edward the Confessor

  10. English Kings & Their Accomplishments • 1066 – Harold Godwinson takes thrown • William, Duke of Normandy, claims rights to throne(cousin of Edward)

  11. Battle of Hastings • William crosses E. Channel w/ 4-7000 men • Harold’s men w/ shields form wall / William’s men pretend to retreat • Harold’s men followed – trapped – defeated

  12. English Kings & Their Accomplishments • 1066 - King William I of England • Introduced feudalism • Divided England among Norman nobles • Advised by Great Council • Followed French / Norman customs • DomesdayBook – Anglo-Saxon “Doom” - judgement • Census & land survey in 1086

  13. English Kings & Their Accomplishments • 1154 – Henry II (William’s great-grandson) • England, m Ireland, Scotland, Wales, feudal lord in France • Wife – Eleanor of Aquitaine (French) • Restored order, demanded noble loyalty • Central royal court in London

  14. Henry II con’t • Trouble with the Church • Thomas a BecketArchbishop of Canterbury • Becket friend of Henry Didn’t want royal control of church • Becket murdered • Henry made piece w/ church by allowing officials tried in Church court

  15. English Kings & Their Accomplishments • 1189 – Richard the Lion Heart • Called to lead Crusade

  16. English Kings & Their Accomplishments • 1199 – John (Richard’s brother) • Lost lands in France to French king • Increased English Taxes / Ignored laws / Angered nobles • 1215 – King met nobles at Runnymede, signed Great Charter (Magna Carta)

  17. Magna Carta • Took away king’s powers, increased noble’s power • King can’t collect taxes w/o Great Council approval • Freeman right to trial by peers • Important step toward democracy

  18. English Kings & Their Accomplishments • 1216 – Henry III • Weak king, allowed feudal lords & Council to rule • 1264 – Simon de Montfort (Henry’s brother in law) • Commoner Representatives in Great Council /Gave people voice

  19. English Kings & Their Accomplishments • 1272 – Edward I • Parliament – meeting of reps for advising • House of Lords – nobles & clergy • House of Commons – knights & townspeople

  20. Hundred Years’ War • 1300’s - French wanted English out of France • 1337 – English Edward III declares king of France • Long series of battles begins

  21. Hundred Years’ War • The beginning – • English beat French for control of sea • English invaded France • Defeated France at: • 1346 – Battle of Crecy • 1415 – Battle of Agincourt

  22. Hundred Years’ War • New Weapons • Longbow – English weapon (Steel tipped arrows) • French – crossbow • First use of cannon

  23. Hundred Years’ War • Joan of Arc • 1429 - 17 year old hears heavenly voices tell her to save France • Frees Orleans in 10 days (Charles VII King) • Captured by French traitor – sold to English • Burned at Stake – exonerated 24 years later

  24. Hundred Years’ War • 1453 – French drive English out except for Calais Port Hundred Years’ War • Results of War • By 1500 – France unified under King • England unified under weak ruler • 1485 – Henry Tudor king • Commoners more important – made demands • Wages • Live outside manors • Farmer rented land from nobles

  25. War of the Roses • Lancaster (red) vs. York (white) • War for the throne • Henry Tutor (Lancaster) defeats Richard III (York) • Henry founds Tutor dynasty

  26. German Rulers • 936 – Otto I • Turned to church to unify • 951 – marched to Italy • 962 – Freed Pope from Roman noble • Crown emperor of Holy Roman Empire

  27. German Rulers • 1152 – Frederick I (Barbarossa – “red beard”) • Nobles wealthy – worked against emperor • Italian city-states break away • Killed in Crusade • Myth – not dead, magic sleep, return & restore glory

  28. German Rulers • 1220 – Frederick II • Concentrated on Sicily • Educated – languages, science experiments • 1227 – Excommunicated (taking over Italian lands)

  29. German Rulers • The Hapsburgs • German princes met in diet – assembly • 1273 - Elected Rudolf Hapsburg • Rule for 650 years

  30. German Rulers • 1493 - Maximilian I • Mary of Burgundy – gained Flanders, Belgium, Netherlands& Luxembourg • Married off children for other areas • Not all of Germany – princes control own area

  31. Spain • 711 – Moors conquer Spain • 1200’s – Christians drive Moors south

  32. Spain • 1469 - Fedinand & Isabella • “Catholic Monarchs” – all Spanish to be catholic • Ran off Jews & Moors

  33. Spain • 1492 – Moors ousted from Granada • 1502 – Moors ordered to convert or leave • Lost most of its artisans, merchants, bankers, doctors & educators

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