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Understanding Parts of Speech and Parts of Sentences

Learn the distinction between parts of speech (nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, etc.) and parts of sentences (subject, predicate). Includes examples and explanations for each category.

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Understanding Parts of Speech and Parts of Sentences

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  1. Parts of Speech and Parts of the Sentence They ARE different!

  2. What is the difference between a “part of speech” and a “part of the sentence”?

  3. Part of Speech: every word in a sentence has a label depending on its position and what it is doing in the sentence Example: My dog has fleas. Pronoun noun verb noun

  4. Part of Sentence • Every sentence is divided into a subject and a predicate. • Subject= who or what the sentence is about (always a noun or pronoun) • Predicate=the action of the sentence; what the subject does • Example: My dog has fleas. SubjectPredicate

  5. Parts of Speech • Nouns • Pronouns • Adjectives • Verbs • Adverbs • Prepositions • Conjunctions • Interjections

  6. Nouns • Naming words • Person, Place, Thing, or Idea • Anything that you can see, feel, touch, smell, hear!

  7. Persons • Mrs. Chalkley--- teacher • Sarah—girl • Tom—boy • Grandmother • Grandfather

  8. Places • Hagerstown—city • Antietam Battle Field—park • Maryland--state

  9. Things • Car, boat, train, plane • dog, cat, cow • bracelet, beads • dish, pan

  10. Ideas • Difficult to pin down • Democracy, freedom, happiness • You know they exist, but you can’t touch them! You can see the outward signs (flag, smile)

  11. Pronouns Not just nouns that went professional!

  12. Pronoun • A word that takes the place of a noun • Think of it as a “stunt double” for the noun • Without pronouns, your sentences would sound awkward: • Marcia told John that Marcia liked John’s story better than Marcia liked Marcia’s story. Better: • Marcia toldJohnthat she liked hisstory better than sheliked hers.

  13. Pronoun Antecedent • The noun that the pronoun refers to • “Ante” means before—the antecedent will always come before the pronoun—sometimes even a couple sentences before! • EX: When the moped stalled, I gave it a swift kick. • Pronoun “it” refers to the noun “moped”

  14. Adjective (modifier) • Give extra information about nouns and pronouns • Usually found directly before or after the noun or pronoun • How? • Describing • Indentifying • Quantifying

  15. Articles—most common adjectives • A, an, the They announce the arrival of a noun! You will not find them in a sentence without a noun following (may have another adjective between the article and the noun!)

  16. Types of Adjectives: Describing • Answer the question “What kind?” Examples: The foolish friend The blue fish An enormous elephant The sky is blue.

  17. Identifying • Answers the question “which one?” That guy These foods Those creatures

  18. Quantifying • Answers the question “how many? • Numerous bugs Several books Many occasions Four classes

  19. Verbs What’s happening in the sentence.

  20. Verb • A word that is used to express action or a state of being. • Found in the predicate part of a sentence. • If no verb--can’t be a sentence!

  21. Types of Verbs • Action • Sam threw the ball. • Linking • Sam istired.

  22. Action Verbs: Mental or Physical Action? • Physical action: you can see or feel the action • Throw, run, hop, ride, sleep • Mental action: you can’t see the action • Think, wish, want

  23. Verb cont. • Helping Verbs • Memorize the 23 helping verbs! Group 1: is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been Group 2: has, have, had Group 3: do, does, did Group 4: shall, will, should, would Group 5: may, might, must, can, could

  24. Why “helping” verb? • Tells the reader when the action happens: • Present • Past • Future

  25. Example of Helping Verb use • I will fly to Texas. • I flew to Texas last week. • I am flying to Texas.

  26. Common Linking Verbs • Is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been (the verb “to be” • appear, become,feel, seem, smell, taste, and sound.

  27. Linking Verbs • They express states of being—what is, will be, or was • Think of them as a giant equal ( = ) sign in your sentence. • Example: • I am tired. • I = tired.

  28. Adverbs • Modify verbs by answering the question “how?” Joe speaks loudly when he is excited. How does Joe speak? Loudly

  29. Adverbs continued… • Adverbs can also modify: • Adjectives • Adverbs • And entire phrases

  30. Examples • Joe had a really great time at the party. • How great a time? A really great… great is an adjective modifying time… • Joe turned me out very rudely after I started talking. How rudely? Very rudely How did he tune me out? rudely

  31. Important! • If a word ends in ‘ly,” it probably is an adverb!!!

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