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Illinois History

Illinois History. The Heartland Part I First Explorers through The British Arrive. Louis Jolliet & Jacques Marquette. The first white men to make a written record of Illinois Marquette was a Jesuit priest & able to speak 6 Indian languages Jolliet was a 28 year old surveyor.

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Illinois History

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  1. Illinois History The Heartland Part I First Explorers through The British Arrive

  2. Louis Jolliet & Jacques Marquette • The first white men to make a written record of Illinois • Marquette was a Jesuit priest & able to speak 6 Indian languages • Jolliet was a 28 year old surveyor

  3. Samuel de Champlain • Est. the first French colony in 1608, called Quebec

  4. The Northwest Passage • Europeans were consumed with finding a water route to the Pacific. • Wanted to reach India for the gold, silks, & spices.

  5. Marquette & Jolliet • May 17, 1673, they left out from the mission at St. Ignace • Canoes • They made it to the Miss. River • Turned around at the Arkansas River

  6. St. Ignace

  7. Wisconsin River

  8. River Routes in Illinois

  9. Returning Home • They spotted the Piasa Bird painted on a bluff near Alton, IL. • Made friends w/ the Kaskaskia Indians • Father Marquette returned in 1675 to have Easter services w/ the Kaskaskians. • Marquette later died at the age of 37 near Ludington, MI.

  10. The Piasa Bird

  11. Jolliet • His canoe flipped near Montreal & he lost all of his records on IL. • Marquette’s were the only ones left from the trip.

  12. Frenchmen, Forts, & Failures

  13. Rene-Robert Cavalier sieur de LaSalle • We’ll just call him LaSalle • Started exploring at 23

  14. Henry Tonti • LaSalle’s partner • Iron Hand • Battle in Italy • In charge of Fort Crevecoeur • Broken Heart • LaSalle left to get ship building materials

  15. Broken Heart • LaSalle traveled 1,000 miles to Canada in 65 days. • Fort Frontenac on the North shore of Lake Ontario.

  16. Broken Heart • Mutiny against Tonti • Fort destroyed

  17. The Founding of Louisiana • LaSalle found Tonti living w/ the Illini Indians • Under attack by the Iroquois • Traveled down the Miss. River • The first European to see the mouth of the MS. River • Named the land after the King of France – Louisiana

  18. The Rock • No not Alcatraz • LaSalle & Tonti return to IL & build a fort on Starved Rock • Fort St. Louis • To be the capital of LaSalle’s French empire • France closed all forts in IL except Ft. St. Louis • LaSalle went in 1683 to change their minds

  19. French Colony • LaSalle convinced the French to Est. a colony in Louisiana. • The colonists landed in Texas & could not find the Miss. R. • The colonists murdered LaSalle while looking for the Miss. R. • 43 years old

  20. Tonti’s Search • Some colonists made it to Starved Rock & told Tonti of LaSalle’s death. • Tonti tried to find his friend but was unsuccessful. • Returned to Ft. St. Louis.

  21. Fort Pimitoui • Tonti built Ft. Pimitoui near Peoria in 1692. • Tonti’s trade was revoked by France • Moved to Biloxi, MS. • Died in Mobile, AL of Yellow Fever

  22. French Villages in Illinois

  23. French Villages in IL • The oldest interior settlement in the U.S. is Cahokia. • The first permanent settlement in IL is Cahokia. • Kaskaskia was settled in 1703 & a major commercial center. • Both were Est. by Jesuit Priests

  24. The Mississippi Bubble • 1714, John Law wanted to start a colony in IL. • Failed by 1720

  25. Fort de Chartres • Slaves were brought to IL to work in the mines. • Galena & St. Genevieve, MO • The fort was originally constructed of logs & later rebuilt w/ stones. • Located 15 miles North of Kaskaskia • Strongest French military fort in the West

  26. Prairie du Rocher • Built near Fort de Chartres • The 3rd most important village in IL • Agriculture under the French became a lucrative business. • Sent down the Miss. R. on barges

  27. The British Arrive

  28. French & Indian War • 1750 French troops move into the Ohio River Valley • Lt. Gov. Robert Swindle of VA sent a 21 year old militia leader to order the French to leave. • French intend to hold the area. • 2nd group of VA militia go to the fork and build a small fort.

  29. French & Indian War • April 1753, the young militia leader is sent into the ORV with 150 men. • Encounter a small squad of FR. troops • Attack & retreat to build a small fort

  30. Over 600 Fr. Troops and 100 Am. Ind. Attack the small fort.

  31. The VA. Militia surrender and are sent back to Williamsburg on July 4, 1753.

  32. The French & Indian War • Fighting between France & Great Britain (1754 – 1763) • Also called the 7 Years War in Europe • British won on both fronts • 1763, the Treaty of Paris was signed ending the war • France lost all of its territory east of the Miss. R.

  33. Pontiac’s Resistance • Pontiac led Indians against the British & prevented them from occupying IL for 2 years. • 1765, Pontiac makes peace w/ the British.

  34. Captain Thomas Stirling • The Black Watch Regiment take control of Fort de Chartres on Oct. 10, 1765. • The Fleur-de-lis was lowered & the British Union Jack was raised.

  35. Leaving The West • By the 1770’s the British started sending troops east to deal w/ the colonists.

  36. Test on The First Explorers through The British Arrive.

  37. The French and Indian War

  38. George Rogers Clark The American Revolution in Illinois

  39. The George Washington of the West. Moved to Kentucky in 1772 George Rogers Clark

  40. Settlers in Kentucky • Settlers in KY were under constant attack by Indians. • Clark was a Major in the militia & fought to keep the settlers safe.

  41. Henry The Hairbuyer • Clark found out that the British were rewarding the Indians for attacking the settlers. • Lieutenant-Governor Henry “The Hairbuyer” Hamilton was paying Indians for the scalps of the settlers

  42. Raiding Party 1778 • Clark received funds from Virginia to raid IL. • Kaskaskia, Cahokia, & Vincennes • Plans called for 500 men - Clark only had 178

  43. This is the location from which Clark started his expedition to Illinois. Joe’s CrabbShack • Left the Louisville area & got off the Ohio at Ft. Massac • Walked to the Kaskaskia River

  44. July 4, 1778 • Clark crossed the Kaskaskia River into Kaskaskia. • Took the town w/out firing a shot. • Clark continued on to Cahokia & captured it too.

  45. Vincennes • Major trading post connecting Detroit & the Miss. River. • Waded through the flooded fields covered by ice • Able to get the people to declare loyalty • Trouble w/ the Indians • Eventually gained control of Vincennes

  46. The Seige of Ft. Sackville • Feb. 23, 1779, Clark attacked the fort for 18 hours. • During a short truce a group of the Indian raiders were captured outside of the town.

  47. Those with scalps were taken to the front gate of the fort & tomahawked to death in sight of the British • The next morning (25th) at 10 AM the British surrendered the fort to Clark & his men. • Clark’s actions during the American Revolution prevented IL from being part of Canada.

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