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Chapter 5 Section Two Growing Sectionalism

Chapter 5 Section Two Growing Sectionalism. Background. Sectional disputes over slavery and Westward expansion “eroded” the spirit of nationalism that followed the War of 1812 One-Party system (Democratic-Republicans) dominated until 1820’s when it began to unravel. What does “erode” mean? .

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Chapter 5 Section Two Growing Sectionalism

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  1. Chapter 5 Section TwoGrowing Sectionalism

  2. Background • Sectional disputes over slavery and Westward expansion “eroded” the spirit of nationalism that followed the War of 1812 • One-Party system (Democratic-Republicans) dominated until 1820’s when it began to unravel

  3. What does “erode” mean? • Wear down • Eat away at • Corrode

  4. The Missouri Compromise • Main Point: “The Missouri Compromise attempted to resolve, at least temporarily, the growing disagreement between Northern & Southern States over the issue of slavery”

  5. The Era of Good Feelings • Monroe’s administration –Era of good feelings • Tensions- reached boiling point (1819) when Missouri applied for statehood • Stirred up nation’s most divisive issue: Whether slavery should expand west • 1819-11 free states 11 slave states

  6. Missouri • Territorial government request admission into Union as a slave state • Congressman James Tallmadge, Jr. (New York) proposed a resolution that prohibited slaveholders from bringing new slaves into Missouri and all enslaved children be freed at age 25 • House accepted but the Senate rejected (North for it, South against it)

  7. Resolution • Maine requested admission to the Union as a separate state (part of Massachusetts before) • The Senate decided to combine Maine and Missouri’s requests of admission to the Union as separate states • Maine –a free state • Missouri- a slave state • This solution “preserved” balance in the Senate

  8. Senator Jesse Thomas (Illinois) proposed an amendment • Prohibit slavery north of Missouri’s southern border • This allowed slavery to expand to Arkansas territory (South of Missouri) keep slavery out of the rest of the Louisiana Purchase • “Carefully managed” by Henry Clay (Kentucky), the house voted to accept the Compromise

  9. A New Issue • Pro-slavery members of the Missouri constitutional convention added a clause that suggested prohibiting free African Americans from entering the state • This threatened Missouri’s approval to the Union • Henry Clay created a solution by “getting the Missouri legislature to state they would not honor the spirit of the clause’s wording”

  10. Looking Forward • Many were afraid the Missouri Compromise was only a temporary solution • John Quincy Adams wrote “I take for granted, that the present question is a mere preamble- a title page to a great tragic volume” • What is he saying? Compromise just pushes off the future debate over slavery

  11. The Elections of 1824 and 1828 • These elections demonstrated the growing sectionalism in the country • Democratic-Republican had members all over at this time • These elections would prove the party was “torn along regional lines”

  12. “Favorite Sons” • Four candidates in 1824 election • All Republican party members • All favorite sons- “Men who enjoyed the support of leaders from their own state and region”

  13. The Candidates • Henry Clay-Kentucky (represented the West) • Andrew Jackson-Tennessee (represented the West) • John Quincy Adams- Massachusetts (Represented New England) • William Crawford-Georgia (represented the South)

  14. Jefferson’s Principles • Crawford ran on Jefferson’s ideas: • State’s rights • Strict interpretation of the Constitution

  15. The American System • Clay Favored • The national bank • The protective tariff • And nationwide internal improvements • These were collectively part of the American System as it would be called

  16. Jackson • Jackson avoided taking a stand on specific issues • Focused on and emphasized his “leadership qualities” and heroism at New Orleans

  17. Election Day • Jackson won most Popular Votes • But, nobody won the majority of electoral college votes • Constitutional procedure –election goes to the house • Select president from one of the three who gained the most electoral votes • Clay came in fourth (eliminated)

  18. Clay’s Role • Henry Clay was Speaker of the House (Tremendous influence) • Clay and Jackson political rivals for power in the West • February 9, 1825 the representatives met to choose • Clay threw support behind Adams

  19. Jackson you’re “ignorant, passionate, [and] corrupt” Clay you’re the “the meanest scoundrel that ever disgraced the image of [my] god”

  20. Corrupt Bargain???? • Adams won by a lot • Some Jackson supporters accused Clay of arranging votes for Adams in return for a cabinet post • When president, Adams named Clay Secretary of State (cabinet position) • Jackson’s supporters accused Adams and Clay of striking a “corrupt bargain”

  21. A Divide in the Party • This incident created a split in the Democratic-Republican party • Jackson’s supporters called themselves the Democrats • Henry Clay and his supporters called themselves the National Republicans

  22. Adams Takes Office • Adams announced to Congress, a program of nationalist legislation that exceeded even Clay’s American System

  23. What was Clay’s American System? • Clay Favored • The national bank • The protective tariff • And nationwide internal improvements • These were collectively part of the American System as it would be called • What is “nationalist legislation”? • Laws designed for the nation as a whole

  24. Adams • Internal improvements • Adams wanted “federal revenue to be used to build a national university and observatories, and to fund scientific research” • What is an observatory? • “A room or building housing a telescope or other scientific equipment for the study of natural phenomena”

  25. Adams • Congress granted him funds to improve harbors, rivers, and extend the national road further west • This was much less than what he wanted • Repeated rejection he got from Congress set the stage for his defeat in 1828

  26. Election of 1828 (Rematch) • John Quincy Adams vs. Andrew Jackson • Both candidates engaged in “mudslinging” What does this mean? “criticize each other’s personalities and morals”

  27. Adams Attack • Adams called Jackson: “incompetent both by [your] ignorance and by the fury of his passions”

  28. Jackson’s Defense • Portrayed himself as the candidate for the common man and “attacked Adams as an out-of-touch aristocrat • What is an aristocrat? • A member of a ruling class or of the nobility

  29. Jackson’s Defense • Jackson also mentioned again and again that Adams was untrustworthy because of the alleged “corrupt bargain”

  30. Results • Jackson clear victory • Won the popular vote easily • Won the Electoral college easily • “Old Hickory” as he was nicknamed reached the White House

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