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IHEP 1.3 GHz 9-cell Cavity R&D Status and Plan

IHEP 1.3 GHz 9-cell Cavity R&D Status and Plan. GAO Jie, ZHAI Jiyuan, YU Jing, LI Zhongquan, ZHAO Tongxian, ZHANG Jingru Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences CHEN Jinzhe, QIAO Jianqiang Beijing Hejieli Science and Technology Development Co. Ltd.

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IHEP 1.3 GHz 9-cell Cavity R&D Status and Plan

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  1. IHEP 1.3 GHz 9-cell CavityR&D Status and Plan GAO Jie, ZHAI Jiyuan, YU Jing, LI Zhongquan, ZHAO Tongxian, ZHANG Jingru Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences CHEN Jinzhe, QIAO Jianqiang Beijing Hejieli Science and Technology Development Co. Ltd. YUAN Hong, YU Huai, WANG Jinxue Beijing Institute of Aviation Materials 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project & 2nd IHEP-KEK 1.3 GHz SRF Meeting Dec.2, 2009, IHEP, Beijing

  2. Outline • Cavity R&D Goals and the Overall Schedule • 9-cell Cavity with Bare Tubes (IHEP-01) • Fabrication and Tuning Procedure • Surface Treatment and Vertical Test Plan • 9-cell Cavity with Full End Groups (IHEP-02) • Design & Fabrication Consideration and Progress Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  3. 9-cell Cavity R&D Goals • Demonstrate the common technique for 1.3 GHz multi-cell cavity fabrication and surface treatment • cavity shape, Nb material; cavity fabrication, EBW, tuning • surface treatment recipes and facilities • Make two 9-cell cavities • one bare tube • one with full end groups, for the horizontal test • Achieve the requirement of XFEL-ERL and ILC • 25 - 35 MV / m for the vertical test • 20 - 31.5 MV / m for the horizontal test • Q0, HOM damping, Lorentz force detuning Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  4. 9-cell Cavity Overall Schedule 20 MV/m 25 MV/m S0 25 MV/m S0 HT: horizontal test; S0: ILC R&D task force for high gradient cavities One test loop includes: surface treatment, pretuning, vertical test and inspection at IHEP or/and KEK 2~4 vertical tests at KEK STF in 2010 Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  5. Outline • Cavity R&D Goals and the Overall Schedule • 9-cell Cavity with Bare Tubes (IHEP-01) • Fabrication and Tuning Procedure • Surface Treatment and Vertical Test Plan • 9-cell Cavity with Full End Groups (IHEP-02) • Design & Fabrication Consideration and Progress Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  6. Bare Tube 9-cell Cavity (IHEP-01) • inner cell similar to the original Low Loss shape (iris 60, beam tube 80) • end cell design without HOM consideration • stiffening ring position same with the ICHIRO cavity • end plates and end stiffening rings to strengthen the end cell • beam tubes length, flanges and input coupler (evacuation) port same with the STF baseline cavity Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  7. Large Grain Niobium • disks from Ningxia OTIC (72 pieces, Sept.- Nov., 2008) • inspection, CP, annealing • ultrasonic and eddy current scanning tests (YU Jing) • mechanical behavior sample test at room temp. and 4K (MEN Lingling) • RRRmeasurement (sample before and after EBW) is planned (YU Jing) Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  8. Fabrication Procedure • Half cells fabrication (2009.2-5) • deep drawing, iris coining, trimming (L= Lnom+ΔLiris+ΔLequ+ΔLtuning) • CMM dimension check, equator roundness reshaping • degreasing(micro-90), ultrasonic cleaning, rinsing • length, frequency, iris and equator diameter measurement, select half cells for dumbbells • 20 μm chemical polishing of half cells (inner and outer surface), ultrasonic cleaning, rinsing, storage • 3 μm chemical polishing at iris area, rinsing • Dumbbells fabrication (2009.6-11) • welding of iris (two sides) • insert stiffening rings with the dumbbell reshaping fixture • welding of stiffening rings • length and frequency measurement • reshaping • equator trimming Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  9. Fabrication Procedure (cont.) • degreasing, ultrasonic cleaning, rinsing • length, frequency, equator diameter measurement, select dumbbells for cavity welding • degreasing, ultrasonic cleaning, rinsing • 20 μm chemical polishing of dumbbells with the CP facility • inspection of inner surfaces for defects • grinding of defects (including heavey removal at iris area ) • degreasing, ultrasonic cleaning, rinsing • 20 μm chemical polishing of dumbbells • ultrasonic cleaning, rinsing • 3 μm chemical polishing at equator region, storage with argon gas We are here Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  10. Fabrication Procedure (cont.) • End groups fabrication (2009.8-12) • fabrication of seamless Nb beam tubes and evacuation short tube, NbTi flanges, NbTi end plates, Nb stiffening rings • pull out of the beam tube for the evacuation (input coupler) port • tubes trimming and polishing • degreasing, ultrasonic cleaning, rinsing • 20 μm chemical polishing • ultrasonic cleaning, rinsing • welding of end groups (insert stiffening rings with the end group reshaping fixture) • reshaping • equator trimming • degreasing, ultrasonic cleaning, rinsing • length, frequency, equator diameter measurement We are here Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  11. Fabrication Procedure (cont.) • degreasing, ultrasonic cleaning, rinsing • 20 μm chemical polishing of the end cell • inspection of inner surfaces for defects • grinding of defects • 20 μm chemical polishing of the end cell • ultrasonic cleaning, rinsing • 3 μm chemical polishing at equator, storage with argon gas • Cavity Welding (2009.12) • dumbbells welding (2-4-8) • end groups welding to dumbbell weldment • equator welding inspection • cavity vacuum, dimension and frequency check • The fabrication procedure refers to: • D. Proch, DESY SPECIFICATION OF WELDED 1.3 GHz SUPERCONDUCTING RESONATORS FOR TTF/VUV-FEL, MHF-SL 09-2005 • M. Foley, D. Mitchell, T. Khabiboulline. FNAL Fabrication Specification for 3.9 GHz 3rd Harmonic Superconducting RF Cavities, ES-426451, 2008 • K. Saito and E. Kako of KEK, private communication, 2009 Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  12. ~1.5 mm Spring back Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  13. Q~5000! kHz stable Perturbation Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  14. 13Tuned Dumbbells & 4 End Groups Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  15. Dumbbell Grinding CRATEX rubberized SiC #7-14 after CP #12-13 Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  16. Dumbbell CP and Transportation EBW Fill in with Argon gas Rinse in Class 10 Clean Room and Dry Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  17. Fixtures (by HJL) • inner half cell deep drawing dies • inner half cell trimming fixture • inner half cell reshaping fixture • end half cell deep drawing dies • end half cell trimming fixture • end half cell reshaping fixture • stiffening ring fabrication fixture • dumbbell trimming fixture • dumbbell reshaping fixture • end group reshaping fixture • end group trimming fixture Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  18. Fixtures and Jigs • iris outer welding fixture • iris inner welding fixture • stiffening ring welding fixture • end group welding fixtures • cavity welding fixture • stainless steel jig for cavity CBP and CP • cavity rotating cart • cavity CBP cleaning fixture • frequency measurement fixtures • dumbbell CP fixture • dumbbell and end group storage fixtures • dumbbell and end group clean storage tanks • Ti jig for cavity HPR and vertical test • …… for EBW, by BIAM for CBP, by HJL for RF measurement, CP, clean storage & transportation …, by other companies Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  19. Cavity Frequency Control Cavity BW: ~300 Hz Tuner range: 500 kHz achieve simultaneously the correct length and the correct frequency of the 9-cell cavity - 180 kHz /mm + 350 kHz /mm Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  20. Cavity Frequency Evolution Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  21. Half Cells Data Earrings and steps were found in the equator area. Large cracks and unsmoothness were found between adjacent grains in the iris area. Iris wall thickness was not uniform after trimming. Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  22. Dumbbell Reshaping and Tuning The shrinkage of the dumbbell length after iris two sides EBW and stiffening ring EBW is about 2 mm. Need reshaping. Perturbation method to measure the frequency of the individual half cells of a dumbbell. Trim to tune the half cells individually. SRF09 paper: DUMBBELL FABRICATION AND TUNING OF THE IHEP LARGE GRAIN 9-CELL CAVITY Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  23. Dumbbell Matching Match to make the field flatness flat or, Tilt the fundamental mode field to let the trapped mode out. Similar equator inner diameter may be the most important criteria. We can tune the cavity to the correct frequency and length at the same time.

  24. Cavity EBW Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  25. Outline • Cavity R&D Goals and the Overall Schedule • 9-cell Cavity with Bare Tubes (IHEP-01) • Fabrication and Tuning Procedure • Surface Treatment and Vertical Test Plan • 9-cell Cavity with Full End Groups (IHEP-02) • Design & Fabrication Consideration and Progress Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  26. IHEP-01 Surface Treatment and Vertical Test Schedule Chinese New Year Beijing GDE Kyoto IPAC Golden Week Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  27. CBP, CP and Pretuning • 9-cell cavity CBP machine initial commissioning done • CP and Pretuning facility in commissioning (Dai Jianping’s talk) Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  28. Inner Surface Inspection • IHEP Gastroscope Camera not suitable • GE Industrial Inspection: distance, depth (10 μm resolution) • Need to improve the light source equator equator Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  29. Kyoto Camera • Developed by Kyoto University and KEK (Hayano-san) • Iwashita-san of Kyoto University visited IHEP in Oct.25 • Fermilab bought one; more labs will use • Very Important and Useful Tool (Watanabe-san’s talk) • Inspect after EBW, after CP or EP, after Vertical Test • Coincide with the T-mapping and passband measurement • Repair the inner surface and increase or recover the cavity performance • Can we borrow STF’s old Kyoto camera? Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  30. Vertical Test • Vertical test in KEK • Every interface the same with KEK STF • Use STF’s input coupler, pick up antenna, etc. • T-mapping (Yamamoto-san’s talk) • important and complex system, use STF’s T-mapping • No problem with the fish bone fixture • Need to check the X-ray detector mounting • Inner surface inspection • Kyoto Camera in STF is OK for the IHEP cavity (60 mm iris) Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  31. Outline • Cavity R&D Goals and the Overall Schedule • 9-cell Cavity with Bare Tubes (IHEP-01) • Fabrication and Tuning Procedure • Surface Treatment and Vertical Test Plan • 9-cell Cavity with Full End Groups (IHEP-02) • Design & Fabrication Consideration and Progress Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  32. Physics Requirement • XFEL, low current ERL and the ILC beam physics requirement for the cavity is similar • Qext < 105 for the high R/Q modes • “F” shape HOM coupler can handle up to ~ 5 W power. For ILC: • High Current ERL needs much stronger HOM damping • RF absorber in the beam pipe (as BEPCII) ERL HOM Power: 77 pC, 100 mA, 0.6 mm, 200 W (up to 100GHz), Qext < 103 BEPCII: kl =0.44V / pC, Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  33. Design and Fabrication Consideration • Keep the same inner cell shape • Improve the fabrication and surface treatment technique!! • Improve deep drawing of the large grain Nb; recheck Nb disks • Trimming thinner equator, optimize EBW parameters (defects) and vacuum (RRR) • Simplify dumbbell tuning • …….. • Identify dangerous modes up to 3 GHz • TE111(hybrid), TM011, TM110, TM111 (high R/Q) • TE121 (small R/Q, but trap) • Optimize the end cell to let the trapped mode out • TM111 and TE121 • HOM coupler RF bench test • Make the HOM coupler copper modeltest with the coaxial line and 9-cell copper cavity • Measure the HOM properties of the STF baseline 9-cell cavity (deliver next week) Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  34. RF Design Progress (Zhao Tongxian) Dipole R/Q of the TESLA cavity Similar HOM freq and R/Q with DESY Wanzenberg’s Mafia 2D results (within 10% difference for large R/Q modes) Monopole and dipole R/Q of the IHEP cavity R/Q higher than TESLA Need more meshes to get better accuracy Identify more trapped modes Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  35. Qext Simulation Methods • Use several methods to cross-check the results • Eigen mode method (CST): integrate over the pick up port • directly give the external Q (Microwave Studio) • Time domain method (CST): time consuming • Frequency domain method (CST or HFSS): • Transmission method (extra excitation) • Reflection method (self excitation, simple calculation) • impedance method • VSWR method Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  36. Preliminary Qext Results with theTESLA HOM coupler and cavity (Zhao Tongxian) Passband simulation Next step: frequency sensitivity, optimize the loop and angle for the low loss shape cavity 9-cell cavity simulation End cell simulation TM010 Pi 1.293368 | 1.03e+010 TM010 1.625063 | 8.17e+004 TE111 1.625318 | 3.56e+005 TE111 1.801103 | 1.22e+003 TM110 1.804886 | 2.48e+004 TM110 TE111 7 Pi / 9 Need more meshes and cross-check Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  37. Other Considerations • Lorentz Force Detuning Simulation (Xiao Rongchuan) • Optimize the stiffening ring position • Strengthen the end plate structure (Men Lingling) • End Group Design • Total length: 1247 mm too tight for low loss shape with HOM coupler! • Input coupler position & Qext (44 mm? 54 mm? More?) • HOM coupler position & Qext • Helium vessel • Smallest diameter? • Nb-NbTi-Ti, welding technique • Magnetic shield • Inside or outside? • Flange interfaces • Keep the compatibility with KEK STF • Input coupler: KEK STF type (60 mm diameter) • Tuner: STF type, in the middle Fabrication Technique ? Physics Requirement Plug Compatibility Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  38. Summary • The multi-cell cavity is one of the key components for 1.3 GHz SRF technology R&D of IHEP. • We have developed effective methods, procedures, tools and facilities to fabricate and tune the 9-cell cavity. • The first 9-cell cavity will finish fabrication and EBW in 2009, surface treated at IHEP and test at KEK STF in early 2010. • We expect fruitful achievement in collaboration with KEK. Jiyuan Zhai, 2nd Workshop of the IHEP 1.3 GHz SRF R&D Project

  39. For the Dream Machine Thank you!

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