Families of the Periodic Table

1. Families of the Periodic Table

2. The Periodic Table

3. Families of the Periodic Table:At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to: Name each region of the Periodic Table Name each family of the Periodic Table List at least 3 characteristics of each family of the Periodic Table

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5. Periods in the Periodic Table 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

6. Regions of the Periodic Table

7. Metals • Extra electrons • Conductive • Malleable • Dense • Shiny • Ductile

8. Metalloids • Partly Conductive

9. Non-Metals • Missing Electrons • Non-Conductive • Not Malleable • Dull

10. Groups in the Periodic Table Elements in groups (families) react in similar ways!

11. 15 Helpful Hints On The Lab Report from Mr. T’s Vast Lab Experience!!! Hint #14. No experiment is ever a complete failure, it can always serve as a bad example.

12. Hydrogen Elements Gas: Hydrogen

13. Characteristics Low density Low melting point Non-metal qualities: brittle, non-conductor, dull Reacts w/ halogens to form acids Reacts w/ oxygen to form water Hydrogen (cont.)

14. Group 1A: Alkali Metals Reaction of potassium + H2O Cutting sodium metal

15. Alkali Metals Elements Solids: Lithium Potassium Sodium Rubidium Cesium Francium

16. Characteristics Soft Dull silver color Low density Low melting point Metal qualities: shiny, good conductor, malleable, ductile Reacts w/ halogens to form salts Reacts w/ water to form strong alkaline hydroxides Alkali Metals (cont.)

18. Group 2A: Alkaline Earth Metals Magnesium Magnesium oxide

19. Alkaline Earth Metals Elements Solids Beryllium Magnesium Calcium Strontium Barium Radium

20. Characteristics Soft Shiny silver color Low density Found naturally as compounds Metal qualities: shiny, good conductor, malleable, ductile Glow different colors Reacts w/ halogens to form ionic salts Alkaline Earth Metals (cont.)

21. Transition Elements Lanthanides and Actinides (Inner Transitions) Iron in air gives iron(III) oxide

22. Transition Metals Elements Solids All “D-block” elements Atomic numbers 21-30 39-48 57, 72-80 89, 104-112

23. Characteristics High density High melting / boiling point Good catalysts Metal qualities: shiny, good conductor, malleable, ductile Hard, tough & strong Silvery blue at room temperature Multiple oxidation states Transition Metals (cont.)

24. Design a Hypothesis

25. Post-Transition Metals Elements Solids Aluminum Gallium Indium Tin Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium

26. Characteristics Relatively high density Salts Solids Metal qualities: shiny, good conductor, malleable, ductile Not as reactive Opaque color Malleable Oxidation numbers +3, +4, +5 Post Transition Metals (cont.)

27. Metalloids Elements Solids Boron Silicon Germanium Arsenic Antimony Tellurium

28. Characteristics Some shiny Some dull Some malleable, some not Some ductile, some not Has properties of both metals and nonmetals Various oxidation numbers Metalloids (cont.)

29. Gases (Hydrogen) Nitrogen Oxygen Solids Phosphorus Sulfur Selenium Carbon Other Non-Metals

30. Characteristics Non-metal qualities: dull, brittle, non-conductor, etc. High ionization energy High electronegativity Gain electrons easily Various oxidation numbers Other Non-Metals (cont.)

32. Group 7A: The Halogens (salt makers) F, Cl, Br, I, At

33. Solids Iodine Astatine Liquids Bromine Gases Fluorine Chlorine Halogens

34. Halogens (cont.) • Characteristics • Only group with all 3 states of matter • Highly reactive w/ alkali metals & alkaline earth metals • High electronegativity • Non-metal qualities: dull, brittle, non-conductor, etc.

35. Noble (inert) Gases Group #8 atoms • P Shell Full • Very Non-reactive • Very Happy

36. XeOF4 Group 8A: The Noble (Inert) GasesHe, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn • Lighter than air balloons • “Neon” signs • Very nonreactive because they have full electron levels

37. Noble Gases Elements Gases Helium Neon Argon Krypton Xenon Radon

38. Noble Gases (cont.) • Characteristics • Non-reactive • Odorless • Tasteless • Colorless • Nonflammable Non-metal qualities: dull, brittle, non-conductor, etc.

39. Inner Transition Metals Elements Solids All “F-block” elements Atomic numbers 58-71 90-103

40. Characteristics Most are manmade High melting points Metal qualities: shiny, good conductor, malleable, ductile Reactivity varies Usually bonded to non-metals AKA: lanthanides & actinides Inner Transition Metals (cont.)

41. New Elements Elements Atomic numbers 113 and on

42. Characteristics All are manmade Some will have metal qualities: shiny, good conductor, malleable, ductile Some will have non-metal qualities: dull, brittle, non-conductor, etc. Some will have qualities of both New Elements

43. Periodic Table Sing Along(sing to Battle Hymn of the Republic) • Mine eyes have seen the glory of the periodic chart • With its periods and columns it's a piece of genius art. • First he sorted by atomic mass, • t'wasMendeleev's first feat. • A search to organize. Chorus: • Periods - they go across, Families - they do go down • Groups are also known as columns, • The Periodic Chart!

44. Periodic Table Sing Along(sing to Battle Hymn of the Republic) • Some groups are given family names like • 1, 2, 7 and 8 • Alkali metals, reactive ones are on the far, far left. • Group 2 has the name of alkaline earth. • They're metals all the way. • These families act alike. Chorus: • Periods - they go across, Families - they do go down • Groups are also known as columns, • the Periodic Chart!

45. Periodic Table Sing Along(sing to Battle Hymn of the Republic) • The halogens, group 7 are a non-metallic clan • Group 8 seeks to be alone, acting as noble as they can • The transition, in the middle the most useful • atoms known • Form colored compounds too. Chorus: • Periods - they go across, Families - they do go down • Groups are also known as columns, • the Periodic Chart

46. Families of the Periodic Table:Let’s see if you can: Name each region of the Periodic Table Name each family of the Periodic Table List at least 3 characteristics of each family of the Periodic Table

47. Get Your Clicker!!!

48. Which pair of elements is MOST similar? Ca and F Na and Cl Ne and Ar Li and H

49. Copper is an element that is used in electrical wires. What is the smallest unit of copper that still maintains the characteristics of copper? the atom the electron the nucleus the proton

50. The picture below shows three objects that can be classified in the same group. Which of the following statements is true for all three of these objects? They are metals. They rust rapidly. They weigh the same. They are the same color.