PICTURE CODES ON

1. PICTURE CODES ON Gender and Sexual Abuse Reduction

2. HOW TO USE PICTURE CODES Introduction • Picture codes are materials that are used to stimulate a discussion about specific issues like behaviour which puts people at risk of HIV infection. • The picture code has a photograph on one side showing people in different situations and on the other side has questions for the outreach worker to ask to stimulate a discussion. • Underneath the questions are “talking points” or information the outreach worker can share with participants. • Picture code stories are basically the same as picture codes except that there are several pictures that should be shown and discussed one after the other. They usually tell a story of people in different situations who make different behaviour choices. Getting started • Bring together a group of one to 15 participants for a session and have participants sit in a circle or in a way they can see the picture. • It is best not to stand in front of the participants like a teacher since the idea is to get the participants to talk about themselves. • The outreach worker should lead the discussion by asking questions and not talk too much. Asking questions • Show the picture to the participants and start with the general question “What is happening in this picture? That should be enough to get the discussion started. • Ask other questions to stimulate further discussion. • Skip questions that have already been discussed. • Ask follow-up questions to encourage the participants to offer more detail about their behaviour. • Try to ask open-ended questions or questions that don’t take a single word answer like “yes” or “no” such as “What do you think about that?” Being a good listener • Don’t be judgmental or moralistic about the discussion. • There is no right or wrong answer to the questions the idea is to get participants to think about their behaviour choices. • A good outreach worker is a good listener who appears to be very interested in the answers to the questions. • Get the participants to relate what is happening in the photos with themselves or people they know. • Correct any misinformation at the end of the session. Getting everyone to participate • Don’t let one or two people talk all the time. • Ask a question directly to a different person each time. • Re-ask the same question to different people. • Ask others if they agree with the responses given. Organizing sessions • Discuss about six picture codes or flip chart pages in an hour-long session • Discussing 25 pictures in one session is less useful unless it is doubtful the outreach worker will see the participants again • Use the information under the “Talking Points” section to answer questions or make points that haven’t already come up in the discussion • If specific questions arise find a suitable picture to use to stimulate a discussion on the topic.

4. What is happening in these pictures? • Describe the relationships between the men and women? • How do the men feel? • How do the women feel? • Why do men think they have the right to treat women like this? • What can be done to stop it? • Talking points: • Men do not respect women when they scold them loudly. • Drinking too much alcohol increases the chances men will get angry at women. • Men should be more understanding of how women feel. • Discussing feelings about aggressive behaviour is best done when not drunk. 1

6. What is happening in these pictures? • Describe the relationships between the men and the women? • How do the men feel? • How do the women feel? • Why do men think they have the right to beat women? • What can be done to stop men from beating women? • Talking points: • Men can try to dominate by beating women. • Drinking too much alcohol increases the chance that men will beat women. • Pressure can be put on men to stop beating women if communities agree it is wrong. • Respect traditions like “mosadi galase.” 2

8. What is happening in these pictures? • Why do men physically force women and girls to have sex against their will? • Describe how being sexually abused makes women and girls feel? • What can be done to get men to stop sexually abusing women? • What can be done for communities and schools to put pressure on men and boys to stop raping? • Talking points: • Men do not respect women if they rape them. • Drinking too much alcohol increases the chances men will sexually abuse women. • If communities agree that rape is immoral and illegal, pressure can be put on men to stop. 3

10. What is happening in this picture? • Why are orphans and vulnerable children more likely to be raped than other girls? • Why are orphans vulnerable to sexual abuse by their male guardians? • What can girls do to be less vulnerable to sexual abuse? • What can be done to increase the self confidence of female orphans and vulnerable children? • Talking points: • Orphans and vulnerable children often feel weak and vulnerable and are easily exploited. • Female OVCs need to understand they have the right to control their own bodies. • Pressure should be put on those abusing orphans and vulnerable children to see how it hurts girls and stop. 4

12. What is happening in these pictures? • What does it take to be a good listener and help a friend with a problem? • Who can women and girls talk to if they want to consider taking legal action against a rapist? • What are the advantages and disadvantages of charging a rapist? • Talking points: • Discussing feelings after a rape is very good. • Listening and asking questions about feelings is the best way to help a raped friend. • Get support when reporting a rape from close friends, family, social workers or teachers. • AIDS drugs called PEP can be taken after a rape to reduce the chance of being infected. 5

14. What is happening in this picture? • Why is it not good for a woman to blame herself after being raped? • Who should a girl talk to after being raped? • What should she do if she wants the rapist to be charged with the crime? • Talking points: • Steps to take when reporting a rape: • Speak to a trusted person like a friend, family member, teacher or social worker. • Write down what happened, keep your clothes and try not to bath to save evidence. • Report the rape to the police or kgotla immediately. • Go with the police to the hospital or clinic. • 6

16. What is happening in this picture? • Why are men and boys not more afraid of going to jail for rape? • How is it possible that some men or boys don’t even know that rape is morally wrong and illegal? • What will the impact be on the life of someone who is convicted of rape? • What can be done to make them more aware of the harm rape causes? • Talking points: • Increasingly men and boys are being charged and convicted of rape. • Being charged with rape can be costly and end in jail time. • Men never have the right to rape a woman. 6

17. DRUNK STORY 1

18. DRUNK STORY 1 • What is happening in this picture? • Describe the relationship between the woman and the men? • What are the intentions of the men? • What is the intention of the woman? • What do you think will happen next? • Talking points: • Drinking alcohol makes people want to have sex. • Women who don’t want to have sex can seem like they want to when they are drunk. • Men may want to exploit drunk women sexually. • Men may buy alcohol for women with the hope that they will lose control and want to have sex. 7

19. DRUNK STORY 2

20. DRUNK STORY 2 • What is happening in this picture? • Why is the man forcing the woman to have sex against her will? • What could the woman have done to avoid being raped? • What do you think the result will be of the man forcing the woman to have sex? • Talking points: • Drunk men are more likely to rape women. • Women are more likely to be raped when they go to shebeens and bars. • Women are more likely to be infected with HIV from a man who rapes them since the men usually have had many sexual partners. 8

21. WIFE STORY 1

22. WIFE STORY 1 • What is happening in this picture? • Why do men think they have the right to rape their wife or the woman they live with? • How does the man feel? • How does the woman feel? • What can be done to stop men from raping their wives or the women they live with? • Talking points: • Some men think they have the right to sex even if the woman doesn’t want it. • Abusing alcohol increases the chances a man will force his wife or the woman he lives with to have sex. • Rape is the ultimate insult to women and needs to stop.9

23. WIFE STORY 2

24. WIFE STORY 2 • What is happening in this picture? • Describe the relationship between the man and woman? • What do you think the impact of the rape on their relationship will be? • Why is it women can feel powerless when they are sexually abused by the men they live with? • What can they do to improve their relationship? • Talking points: • Some men don’t realize how hurtful rape is to women. • Discussing openly and frankly how rape is hurtful, immoral and illegal is the first step to stopping it. • Women can discuss rape in their Churches or with 10 friends to gain confidence before discussing it with men.

25. TEEN STORY 1

26. TEEN STORY 1 • What is happening in this picture? • Why is the boy offering small gifts to the girl? • Why is the girl refusing the gifts? • What can girls do to make sure that boys understand they are not interested in having sex? • Talking points: • Men and boys can give gifts to girls with the hope they will have sex with them. • Taking gifts can result in the girl being raped if the boy believes the girl owes him sex. • Though it maybe tempting to take gifts, refusing them reduces misunderstandings. 11

27. TEEN STORY 2

28. TEEN STORY 2 • What is happening in this picture? • Why do you think the boy is forcing the girl to have sex? • What could the girl have done to avoid being raped? • How does she feel? • How does the boy feel about raping the girl? • Talking points: • Avoiding walking alone in secluded areas at night reduces the chances of being raped. • If girls are not strong and clear about refusing offers of sex, boys may think they want to and are just shy. • Boys need to understand rape is hurtful, immoral and illegal. 12

29. TEEN STORY 3

30. TEEN STORY 3 • What is happening in this picture? • What are the advantages of talking about being raped with a trusted friend? • What can a trusted friend do to make their friend feel better? • What do you think will happen next? • Talking points: • As many as one in four women have been forced to have sex against their will in their life. • Most people know the person who rapes them. • It is best to talk about the rape experience rather than keep it inside. • Friends can help decide what should and can be done in response to the rape. 13

31. DATE STORY 1

32. DATE STORY 1 • What is happening in this picture? • How does the man feel about the woman? • How does the woman feel about the man? • What do you think will happen next? • What kind of person makes a good potential boyfriend or girlfriend? • Talking points: • Finding a potential partner to love and trust is not easy. • Love sometimes blinds people from seeing what a person is really like. 14

33. DATE STORY2

34. DATE STORY 2 • What is happening in this picture? • What are the expectations of the girl in accepting to go on a date with the man? • What are the expectations of the man in asking the girl to go on a date? • What do you think will happen next? • Talking points: • Men and women may have different expectations. • It is best if the girl does not want to have sex on the date to make it clear from the start. • Men need to accept that girls should not be expected to have sex just because they accept to go on a date. 15

35. DATE STORY 3

36. DATE STORY 3 • What is happening in this picture? • What is the girl thinking and feeling? • What is the man thinking and feeling? • What do you think of her kissing the man but still not wanting to have sex with him? • What do you think will happen next? • Talking points: • Men often see kissing as accepting to have sex. • Women should be avoid touching and kissing if they don’t intend to have sex. • Being clear and forceful when refusing sex is best. 16

37. DATE STORY 4

38. DATE STORY 4 • What is happening in this picture? • Why is the man pulling the girl to the bedroom? • What is her reaction? • Why is it best to be absolutely firm when refusing sex? • What do you think will happen next? • Talking points: • Men often think girls who are resisting sex don’t want to be seen as being easy but really want sex. • Girls are better off avoiding going to the home of men they don’t know well and can trust. 17

39. DATE STORY 4

40. DATE STORY 4 • What is happening in this picture? • What is the man thinking when he is forcing the girl to have sex? • How does the girl feel about being forced to have sex against her will? • What will be the result of the man raping her? • What do you think will happen next? • Talking points: • Sadly the man may not even be aware what he has done is very wrong and illegal. • The girl should not blame herself for what happened as the man has no right to force himself on her. • The girl should avoid future contact with the man. 18

41. DATE STORY 5

42. DATE STORY 5 • What is happening in this picture? • What do you think the man will do now? • What do you think the girl should do now? • What are the advantages and disadvantages of going to the police? • What is the reaction of the police likely to be? • What things can the girl do to deal with how she feels? • Talking points: • Don’t keep the pain of rape inside and talk to a close friend or trusted family member about it. • Getting advice from social workers and other counsellors about going to the police makes sense. 19

43. DATE STORY 6

44. DATE STORY 6 • What is happening in this picture? • Describe the relationship between the two woman? • How does it make the raped girl feel to talk about it with a close friend? • What advice would you give the girl if you were her friend? • Talking points: • Talking to trusted friends is the best thing to do after being sexually abused. • Friends can help what decide what the best thing to do about it is. • Men need to understand the impact of forcing a woman to have sex and that it is wrong. 20