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Hallucinogens

Hallucinogens. Hallucinogens. Factsheet J. Meyer. What are Hallucinogens?.

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Hallucinogens

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  1. Hallucinogens Hallucinogens Factsheet J. Meyer

  2. What are Hallucinogens? Hallucinogens, or psychedelics are substances which alter sensory processing in the brain, causing perceptual disturbances such as synesthesia (crossover of senses), changes in thought processing and disconnection from body.

  3. Natural Hallucinogens Nutmeg: Myristicin 3 tblspn, bad side effects Mandrake: Anti cholinergic. Used for fertility in ancient times Peyote: Mescaline Used by Native American Church (Cactus, Chief, Half moon, Hyatari) Morning Glory: LSA. Historical use in Mexico – seeds chewed (Heavenly blue) Cohoba tree/toad venom: Tryptamine, DMT. S.America, snuff. Most powerful hallucinogen, unpleasant effects (Deemur) Psilocybin: “Shrooms”. Used by early natives Central America 2000 years ago (magic mushrooms, caps)

  4. Synthesised Drugs LSD potential use: Depression, PTSD, schizophrenia, Headaches. Investigated as Chemical weapon “1 teaspoon can render 50 000 people temporarily insane” History of LSD Synthesized in 1938 by Swiss Chemist, Albert Hoffman from lysergic acid from ergots. Popularized in’60’s by Harvard Prof. Timothy Leary to “Turn on, tune In and drop out” LSD Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Used as pills orsoaked squares of paper called tabs or blotters printed with designs, that identify a specific supply eg. "Bart Simpsons" or "Blue Unicorns." Street names LSD:Acid, Twenty-five, Sid, Bart Simpsons, barrels, tabs, blotter, heavenly blue, L, liquid, Liquid A, microdots, mind detergent, orange cubes, hits, paper acid, sugar, sugar lumps, sunshine, ticket, wedding bells, and windowpane.

  5. Synthesised Drugs cont. Phenylcyclidine:PCP Phenylethylamines 2 C-B 2 C-T7 Street names: Angel dust, ozone, wick Rocket fuel MDA Amphetamine MDMA: Ecstasy Amphetamine Street names: 7th heaven Blue mystic, Lucky 7 Tripstasy Street names: Sass, Pink, Yop Street names: E, XTC, X, hug, Clarity, beans Love drug Anticholinergenics: Developed in ‘50’s as IV anesthetic (block parasympathetic nerves) STP, DOM, Scopolamine

  6. Neurological Effects of Abuse • Confusion of reality, impaired thinking & vision • Anxiety, terror • Sudden aggression • Personality change • Depression • Flashback memories • Memory loss • Psychosis • Psychological dependence • Psychedelics mimic • serotonin • Act on serotogenic • receptors & • neurons • Cause serotonin level to rise • Continue to act after • serotonin depleted "Psychedelics are 'mind-expanding' drugs so it was assumed that they work by increasing brain activity. Current research, however, shows decreased activity in areas having the densest connections with other areas. These hubs constrain our experience of the world and keep it orderly. Blood flow to the hypothalamus is reduced. Deactivating these regions causes the world to be experienced as strange.

  7. Physiological Effects of Abuse Nutmeg: liver cancer & lesions, brain lesions, coma

  8. Psychedelic Effects of Abuse Spontaneous Flash Backs When off drug Perceptual Distortion: Visual Kinesthetic Auditory 12 – 20 hours Body Trips: Indestructiblity, “flying” running Bad trip Trails: Lingering Vision disturbances Change in sense of time and place

  9. Health Risks of Abuse “The days following my LSD use, I was filled with anxiety and extreme depression. Following my first ‘trip’ on LSD, I would eat it frequently, sometimes up to four or five times per week for an extended period. Each time I would take the drug, mentally I was drifting more and more out of reality. The eventual effect was the inability to feel normal in my own skin.” —Andrea "After taking the acid, I imagined that we had driven head-on into an eighteen-wheeler and were killed. I could hear the screeching metal, then a dark and evil quiet. I was terrified at this point, I actually thought we were dead....For a year I wouldn’t go into any cemetery because I was terrified I would find my own grave.” —Jenny Quotes from Drug Free World Overdose Flashbacks Psychosis Accidents Visual impairment Depression/anxiety Suicide

  10. Health Risks of Abuse cont. Excerpt from “BAD LSD TRIP” “Icould hear their words bouncing of my wall's, everything that was said started echoing echoing echoing, it was at the same time that this happened that Istarted losing my vision, It was like my eyes had broken everything down into their pure energy state, all Isaw was pixels and fractal's. I started freaking out, I didn’t know what to do with myself, the auditory hallucinations mixed with seeing things breaking up into huge blocks that were flying across my room into the walls and shattering into millions of pieces. I started to get really scared,  At this point Istarted freaking out continuing to rip chunks of hair out of my head pacing back and fourth across my kitchen just repeating to myself that Ineed some e, xanex, muscle relaxer, anything to help bring me back down.” from: http://www.rollitup.org/hallucinatory-substances/410380-bad-lsd-trip-really-bad.html

  11. Signs & Symptoms of Abuse • Psychological dependence, tolerance, cross tolerance with other hallucinogenics • Distance from reality • Not learning skills to cope with stresses and challenges in life • Depression, mental illness associated with loss of sense of reality, "fuzziness" • Problems in relationships with others • Lack of success in school, work, and other pursuits in life • Sexual assault • STDs and unwanted pregnancy due to having unprotected sex • Violent actions, such as attacking other people, often resulting from delusions occurring while taking the drug • Criminal charges as a result of the drug use or actions taken while on the drug • Accidents - hurting oneself or others while on a trip, such as by trying to fly, driving under the influence, or not recognizing other dangers while using the drug • Pregnancy complications if used while pregnant

  12. References Bad lsd trip really bad. (2009, September). Retrieved from http://www.rollitup.org/ hallucinatory-substances/410380-bad- lsd-trip-really-bad.html Erowid. (2012, November). Retrieved from http://www.erowid.org Hallucinogenics. (2012, November). Retrieved from http:// www.drugfree.org Hanson, G. R., Venturelli, P. J., & Fleckenstein, A. E. (2001). Drugs and society. (11th ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah: Jones & Bartlett Publishers. Nida for teens. (2011, October). Retrieved from http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/ facts_xtc1.php ..inebriant mania spread over the western world at the end of the 1950’s.. Albert Hoffman

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