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Pronator Teres: Humeral and U lnar heads (Median nerve passes between heads)

Pronator Teres: Humeral and U lnar heads (Median nerve passes between heads). Flexor compartment of the forearm: Superficial l ayer. Attachments: Proximal : Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus Ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna Distal: lateral mid-shaft of radius

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Pronator Teres: Humeral and U lnar heads (Median nerve passes between heads)

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  1. Pronator Teres:Humeral and Ulnar heads (Median nerve passes between heads)

  2. Flexor compartment of the forearm: Superficial layer Attachments: Proximal: Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus Ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna Distal: lateral mid-shaft of radius Action: pronate forearm (also; stabilize + flex elbow) PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: median nerve: C6,7,8, T1 Spinal segments: C6,7

  3. Flexor carpi radialis (FCR)

  4. Flexor compartment of the forearm: Superficial layer Attachments: Proximal: medial epicondyle of humerus Distal: base of 2nd metacarpal Action:flex + RD wrist jt. (also; stabilize + flex elbow) PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: median nerve: C6,7,8, T1 Spinal segments: C6,7

  5. Palmaris longus(frequently absent)

  6. Flexor compartment of the forearm: Superficial layer Attachments: Proximal: medial epicondyle of humerus Distal: palmar aponeurosis Action:flex wrist (tense palmar fascia for grasp) (also; stabilize + flex elbow) PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: median nerve: C6,7,8, T1 Spinal segments: C7,8

  7. Flexor carpi ulnaris(FCU):Humeral and Ulnar heads (Ulnar nerve passes between the heads)

  8. Flexor compartment of the forearm: Superficial layer Attachments: Proximal: Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus Ulnar head: olecranon process of ulna Distal: Humeral head:hook of hamate Ulnar head: base of 5th metacarpal Action:flex + UD wrist jt. (also; stabilize + flex elbow) PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: ulnar nerve: C8, T1 Spinal segment: C8

  9. Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS):Humeral-Ulnar and Radial heads

  10. Flexor compartment of the forearm: Intermediate layer Attachments: Proximal: Humeral-Ulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus + coronoid process of ulna Radial head: proximal radius Distal: shaft of MIDDLE phalanx of digits 2-5 (note the split tendon) Action:flex PIP jt. of digits 2-5 (assist in MP flex + wrist flex) PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: median nerve: C6-T1 Spinal segments: C7, 8, T1

  11. Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)

  12. Flexor compartment of the forearm: Deep layer Attachments: Proximal: ulna (anteromedial shaft + interosseous membrane) Distal: base of DISTAL phalanx of digits 2-5 Action:flex DIP of digits 2-5. Assist flex of PIP, MP, and wrist PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: median nerve to digits 2 + 3. Ulnar nerve to digits 4 + 5 Spinal segments: C8, T1

  13. Flexor pollicis longus (FPL)

  14. Flexor compartment of the forearm: Deep layer Attachments: Proximal: radius(anterior shaft + interosseous membrane) Distal: base of DISTAL phalanx of thumb Action: Flex IP of thumb. Assist flex of MP, CM PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: median nerve: C6, 7, 8, T1 Spinal segments: C8, T1

  15. Pronator quadratus

  16. Flexor compartment of the forearm: Deep layer Attachments: Proximal: distal ulna (anterior) Distal: distal radius (anterior) Action:pronate forearm PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: median nerve: C6, 7, 8, T1 Spinal segments: C8, T1

  17. Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL)

  18. Extensor compartment of the forearm: Superficial layer Attachments: Proximal: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Distal: base of 2ndmetacarpal Action:extend + RD wrist (synergist with FCR to get pure RD) PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: radial nerve: C5-T1 Spinal segments: C6,7

  19. Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)

  20. Extensor compartment of the forearm: Superficial layer Attachments: Proximal: lateral epicondyle of humerus Distal: base of 3rdmetacarpal Action:extend wrist (more central to axis to get pure extension) PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: radial nerve: C5-T1 Spinal segments: C6,7

  21. Extensor digitorum (ED)(sometimes includes the term ‘communis’ – EDC)

  22. Extensor compartment of the forearm: Superficial layer Attachments: Proximal: lateral epicondyle of humerus Distal: dorsal apparatus of digits 2-5 Action:extend MP jt. 2-5 (synergist to extend PIP + DIP + assist wrist extension) PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: radial nerve: C5-T1 Spinal segments: C6,7,8

  23. Extensor digiti minimi (EDM)

  24. Extensor compartment of the forearm: Superficial layer Attachments: Proximal: lateral epicondyle of humerus Distal: dorsal apparatus of digit 5 Action:extend MP jt. of 5 (synergist to extend PIP + DIP) PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: radial nerve: C5-T1 Spinal segments: C7,8

  25. Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU)

  26. Extensor compartment of the forearm: Superficial layer Attachments: Proximal: lateral epicondyle of humerus + posterior ulna Distal: base of 5thmetacarpal Action:extend + UD wrist (synergist with FCU to get pure UD) PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: radial nerve: C5-T1 Spinal segments: C7,8

  27. Supinator:This muscle wraps around lateral elbow from post. to ant.

  28. Extensor compartment of the forearm: Deep layer Attachments: Proximal: lateral epicondyle of humerus + supinator fossa of ulna Distal: proximal shaft of radius(in area of radial tuberosity) Action:supinate forearm (proximal RU jt.) PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: radial nerve: C5-T1 Spinal segments: C6

  29. Abductor pollicis longus (APL)

  30. Extensor compartment of the forearm: Deep layer Attachments: Proximal: radius + ulna, interosseous membrane Distal: base of 1stmetacarpal Action:ABduct + extend CM jt of thumb PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: radial nerve: C5-T1 Spinal segments: C7,8

  31. Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)

  32. Extensor compartment of the forearm: Deep layer Attachments: Proximal: radius, interosseous membrane Distal: base of PROXIMAL phalanx of thumb Action:extend MP jt. of thumb (assist extension of CM jt.) PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: radial nerve: C5-T1 Spinal segments: C7,8

  33. Extensor pollicis longus (EPL)

  34. Extensor compartment of the forearm: Deep layer Attachments: Proximal: ulna, interosseous membrane Distal: base of DISTAL phalanx of thumb Action:extend IP jt. of thumb (assist extension of MP + CM jts.) PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: radial nerve: C5-T1 Spinal segments: C7,8

  35. Extensor indicis (EI)

  36. Extensor compartment of the forearm: Deep layer Attachments: Proximal: ulna, interosseous membrane Distal: dorsal apparatus of index finger Action:extend MP jt. of index finger (synergist to extend PIP + DIP jts.) PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: radial nerve: C5-T1 Spinal segments: C7,8

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