Foundations of Medieval Europe

1. http://www.mtsd-vt.org/WebQuests/SChristensen/webquest-middle_ages.htmhttp://www.mtsd-vt.org/WebQuests/SChristensen/webquest-middle_ages.htm Foundations of Medieval Europe http://planet-travels.blogspot.com/ Stephen Logue

2. Germanic Tribes • Falling Roman Empire provides opportunities • 376-Visgoths (West Goths) • Pushed from east of the Empire to Spain by the Huns • Joined the Empire as allies but they were treated badly and rebelled in 378 • 406-Vandals • Crossed Rhine • 3 Decades later controlled most of North-west Africa and the Mediterranean • Burgundians • Settled in Gaul

3. Germanic Tribes • Franks • Salian Franks • Along the Coast • Ripurian Franks • Along the Rhine, Seine, and Loire Rivers • Ostrogoths • Settled around present day Croatia • Angles and Saxons • Moved from northern Germany to southern England • Lombards • Moved from northern Germany to northern Italy

4. Germanic Tribes

5. Germanic Tribes

6. http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/search.aspx?q= Roman+Influence+in+the+Middle+ages Use of Roman Traditions • Rome had influence on Medieval… • Art • Laws • Language (Latin) • Religion (Christianity) • Architecture • Basis of Carolingian Miniscule

7. Invasions • Vikings • Muslims • Slavs

8. Vikings • The Viking Invasion of Europe began in 793 with the sacking of the Lindisfarne monastery • This began their invasion which was to last until 1100 • Main attacks were in British Isles, the Atlantic and North Sea shoreline of the Carolingian Empire, and modern day Russia

9. Vikings • The Church suffered heavy losses because of its wealth and lack of defense • They were able to attack settlements up rivers that had seemed safe from maritime attack because of their longboats with 50 or more men, and a very shallow draft • They took parts of England, Ireland, France, and North Atlantic Islands

10. Vikings • Large Viking armies were often paid off by Christian leaders • In 911 Charles III of France ceded Normandy (“territory of the Northmen”) to the Viking leader Rollo • They traveled through Russia to Constantinople and Baghdad • They were settlers, traders, and voyagers in addition to warriors

11. http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761561500/Vikings.html Vikings

12. http://www.americanthinker.com/2006/11/primer_on_islamic_imperialism.htmlhttp://www.americanthinker.com/2006/11/primer_on_islamic_imperialism.html Muslims • 711 - Tariq (Gibraltar: the Rock of Tariq - Gib al-Tariq) invades Spain • 718 - conquest of Spain complete • 732 - Muslims are stopped at the Battle of Tours in France by Charles Martel • 100 years after Muhammad's death Muslims control Syria, Palestine, Iraq, Persia, Egypt, part of North Africa, Spain and part of France

13. Slavs • Slavs and Avars took most of the Balkans from the Byzantine Empire • Slavs occupied Brandenburg numerous times • They kept invading Franconia in the early 900’s

14. http://www.romanity.org/mir/barbinva.htm Muslim/Slavic Invasions ~550 A.D. ...... = Lombard Germans oooooo = Slavic settlements xxxxxx = Islamic expansion (720 A.D.) |||||| = Nomadic people: Bulgars, Avars

15. http://militaryhistory.about.com/b/a/000110.htm Charles Martel and the Battle of Tours • Charles' infantry against the Umayyad cavalry invading from Spain • The Umayyads almost killed Charles but his personal guard saved him • Charles’ scouts made it to the Umayyad camp and began to free prisoners • The Umayyads were leaving the battle to save their camp when their leader was killed

16. Charles Martel and the Battle of Tours • Their withdraw turned into a full retreat all the way back to Spain

17. Charlemagne Stephen Logue

18. Charlemagne • 742?-814 • Charlemagne=Charles the Great • King of the Franks • Holy Roman Emperor • Developed Seignorialism or manorialism, where Lords rule the Serfs • Minted the denarius, first silver coin since the Romans

19. http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761571217_2/Charlemagne.htmlhttp://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761571217_2/Charlemagne.html Carolingian Renaissance • Set up schools to train clerics • Promoted the Use of Latin throughout the huge empire • Carolingian miniscule • simplified handwriting of the period • ancestor of the modern printed alphabet • Established an academy and library of pagan and Christian works with the help of many renowned scholars, including Alcuinof York • They transcribed many manuscripts from Greece and Rome

20. www.wikipedia.com Carolingian Miniscule

21. http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761571217/Charlemagne.htmlhttp://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761571217/Charlemagne.html Holy Roman Emperor • Son of Pepin the Short • Grandson of Charles Martel • Shared rule of the Franks with his brother, Carloman, for three years • Kept his father’s promise to protect the Papal States • Expanded the Frankish Empire into parts of present-day Germany, Italy, and Spain

22. Holy Roman Emperor • Pope Leo III crowned him Holy Roman Emperor in 800 after he saved Rome from a rebellion in 799 • Now controlled all of Italy • He standardized tolls, customs dues, weights, and measures • Tried to dig a canal between the Rhine and Danube

23. Rhine-Danube Canal • The Modern canal • Completed in 1992 • 106 miles long • Charlemagne attempted it over 1000 years before it was actually achieved • Connects the North sea and the Black Sea

24. Rhine-Danube Canal

25. Conquered Not owned Owned Charlemagne’s Empire