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Thermoregulation

Thermoregulation. Ectotherms Obtain body heat from their environment Poikilotherms (changing temperature) Most invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles, and fish “Cold-blooded”. Thermoregulation. Endotherms Generate their own body heat Homeotherms maintain a constant internal temperature

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Thermoregulation

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  1. Thermoregulation • Ectotherms • Obtain body heat from their environment • Poikilotherms (changing temperature) • Most invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles, and fish • “Cold-blooded”

  2. Thermoregulation • Endotherms • Generate their own body heat • Homeotherms • maintain a constant internal temperature • “Warm-blooded”

  3. Mechanisms of Thermoregulation • Cooling by evaporation • Lose heat by sweating • Phase change requires energy (endergonic) • Body heat is removed when water vaporizes • Evaporative heat lose occurs from the respiratory tract • Panting

  4. Mechanisms of Thermoregulation • Warming by metabolism • Muscle contraction • Metabolic activities generate heat • Example • Shivering warms animals

  5. Mechanisms of Thermoregulation • Adjusting surface area to regulate temperature • Extremities add surface area to the body • Arms, hands, feet, ears • By changing the volume of blood that flows to these areas by vasoconstriction or vasodilation, heat can be conserved or lost.

  6. Mechanisms of Thermoregulation • Examples • Hot environments • Elephants and jack rabbits • Cold environments • Countercurrent exchange • Heat conduction form warm blood to the returning cold blood is redirected to internal parts of the body before reaching the extremity

  7. Mechanisms of Thermoregulation • Various behavioral, physiological, or anatomical adaptations • Hibernation • Hair • Feathers • Blubber • Moving into shady areas, out of the direct sunlight • Restrict activities to night

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