1 / 11

Genetic Engineering and DNA Technology

Genetic Engineering and DNA Technology. “Your scientists were so preoccupied with whether or not they could, they didn’t stop to think if they should.” --Jurassic Park. What is Genetic Engineering?. Genetic engineering is making changes in the DNA code of a living organism.

kapila
Download Presentation

Genetic Engineering and DNA Technology

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Genetic Engineering and DNA Technology

  2. “Your scientists were so preoccupied with whether or not they could, they didn’t stop to think if they should.” --Jurassic Park

  3. What is Genetic Engineering? • Genetic engineering is making changes in the DNA code of a living organism. • The genetic code is universal. • Therefore, it is possible to make organisms that are transgenic. • What does trans-genic mean? • Organisms that contain genes from other species. This tobacco plant glows in the dark because scientists gave it the gene that causes fireflies to glow.

  4. Transgenic microorganisms • Because microorganisms reproduce rapidly and can be sustained inexpensively by the trillions, transgenic bacteria are now used to produce many human proteins such as insulin and growth hormone.

  5. Transgenic Animals • Used to study genes. • Mice have been created with human genes so that scientists can study the genes. • Used to improve food supply. • Transgenic livestock may have extra copies of the growth hormone gene, allowing them to be bigger and produce more meat.

  6. Transgenic Plants • Many plants now contain genes that produce a natural insecticide so that they don’t have to be sprayed with pesticides. • Other plants are enabled to resist weed-killers.

  7. How are transgenic organisms made? Genetic engineering involves: • Isolating specific genes and sequences of DNA • Removing the genes • Inserting the gene back into a different organism. Scientists isolated the gene that gives blueberries their color and inserted it into a strawberry plant.

  8. Playing with genes • Recombinant DNA—DNA that has been artificially created. • It is DNA from two or more sources that has been recombined into a single molecule. • To create recombinant DNA, scientists use restriction enzymes to cut DNA in precise locations.

  9. How to create transgenic organisms(also called Genetically Modified Organisms) • Using restriction enzymes, scientists cut out the particular gene they want to transfer. • The restriction enzymes create “sticky ends” where the DNA is cut. This allows the DNA to bind to another piece of DNA with the same sticky ends.

  10. How to create transgenic organisms (continued) • The scientists also cut a plasmid using the same restriction enzyme. • A plasmid is a circular piece of DNA found in bacteria. • In order to be useful, the recombinant DNA needs to be replicated (or cloned) many times. • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a fast and inexpensive technique used to copy, or “amplify”, small segments of DNA.

  11. Sticky Ends Recombinant DNA

More Related