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TC Structure

TC Structure. Theta_e Structure. Grid 3: Vertical motion surfaces 15:30 UTC 26 August, 1998. +1 m/s – red -1 m/s -blue. +0.5 m/s – red -0.5 m/s -blue. Equivalent Potential Temperature Surfaces colored with Potential Vorticity at 15:30 UTC from West. 354 Theta_e. 361 Theta_e.

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TC Structure

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  1. TC Structure

  2. Theta_e Structure

  3. Grid 3: Vertical motion surfaces15:30 UTC 26 August, 1998 +1 m/s – red -1 m/s -blue +0.5 m/s – red -0.5 m/s -blue

  4. Equivalent Potential Temperature Surfaces colored with Potential Vorticity at 15:30 UTC from West 354 Theta_e 361 Theta_e

  5. Equivalent Potential Temperature Surface with Trajectories Colored by Theta 361 Theta_e from South 361 Theta_e from North Downdraft?   Updraft makes several revolutions while heating 

  6. 15:30 UTC 26 August, 1998 Equivalent Potential Temperature at 4.1 km MSL (downdraft trajectories shown also) Surface Wind Speed Downdraft trajectories Wind max from downdraft • Dry tongue forming basis of downdraft

  7. Surface Theta_eRain Mixing Ratio SurfaceSurface streamlines 11:40 UTC 15:30 UTC

  8. Surface ThetaRain Mixing Ratio SurfaceSurface streamlines 11:40 UTC 15:30 UTC

  9. 354 Theta_e and Trajectories at 15:30 UTC From West From North From South From East

  10. Carnot Cycle Theory

  11. Carnot Cycle Theory For Tropical Cyclones • 4 Cycles • Isothermal (diabatic) expansion of inflow along ocean surface • Isothermal heat transfer from ocean surface (ocean surface temperature varies little, pressure lowers and so heat must be absorbed to keep from cooling) • Moisture transfer from ocean surface • Loss of Energy due to friction to surface • Moist Adiabatic Ascent in Eye-Wall • Moist neutral ascent (short time scale so neglect diabatic radiative transfer) • Neglect diabatic gain of entropy by precipitation falling • Isothermal (diabatic) compression in outflow • Gradual sinking balanced by radiational cooling to maintain constant temperature • Work preformed against inertial stability of the environment • Moist Adiabatic Descent within outer convective downdrafts back to surface a) Outer convective bands tap into theta_e minimum formed after radiation induced ascent and bring air back to surfacxe moist adiabatically over short time scale so can neglect diabatic radiation

  12. Summary of Carnot Cycle • Sources of Thermal Energy • Thermal transfer from ocean surface • Latent heat transfer from Ocean surface • Sinks of Energy • Friction at surface • Work against Inertial Stability in Outflow • Thermodynamic Efficiency of Cycle • A function of temperature difference between hot plate and cold plate divided by mean: • Lowest Pressure attained is a function of: • Sinks of Energy • Sources (SST) • Efficiency (SST and Tropopause)

  13. Maximum Gradient Wind As a function of SST

  14. Outflow Limitations of TC

  15. Where Do TCs form?

  16. TC Tracks

  17. Genesis Theory

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