The Equal Opportunities Commission

1. The Equal Opportunities Commission Equal Pay for Work of Equal Value 18th March 2000 Aon Consulting HK Ltd

2. The HR Perspectiveby Patrick Maule

3. Is there a problem? Yes of course there is!

4. Is it a big problem? • On the whole HK has a pretty good record of equal pay for equal jobs • amongst female stereotyped jobs almost certainly there will be some pay inequality. * I don't think so !

5. Some discrimination may occur by means of job classification Male Title Female title Salesman Shop assistant Administrator Secretary Chef Cook Technician Operator *

6. The question is therefore: is the medicine worse than the disease?

7. How would we safeguard against unequal pay for work of like value • Needs an objective method of job evaluation • ideally it needs a universal method of evaluation • need to identify objective measurement criteria • need skilled people to undertake it • process needs to be free of sex bias at all stages • need great wisdom and skill in applying it *

8. Job Evaluation Why do we currently have job evaluation • Mainly used as basis of establishing fair pay structure and • for comparing (benchmarking) salaries company to company • helps define job grades • helps cluster jobs of similar “size” into the same pay range • is a necessary tool for companies who want open and objective compensation system *

9. Job Evaluation in HK • There is no clear data on the extent to which HK companies adopt job evaluation techniques • However, IHRM Survey of HR practices in HK (1998) revealed: • JE accounted for 3.4% of time spent by HR practitioners (13th item out of 16) • JE ranked as 10th most important out of 15 items in last 3 years • JE ranked 18th most important out of 25 in next 3 years *

10. Job Evaluation Common systems of JE: • Weighted factor points analysis eg Hay system • Paired comparison • Whole job ranking • all depend on written job descriptions • all have set of rules or scoring methods • all require lots of personal judgement *

11. The opportunities for sex bias • The identification of the factors in the analysis • eg sustained physical effort, working conditions, exposure to hazards • weighting between factors • definitions of the factors • scores assigned to each level • number of levels hence the steps in scores • maintenance procedures cont*

12. The opportunities for sex bias • identification of benchmark jobs • selecting grade boundaries • dealing with boundary scores • red circling • sore thumbing • appeals *

13. Potential impact of the legislation • Companies without JE would be particularly exposed to being challenge • Implementing a sufficiently thorough JE system is major undertaking • Ensuring there is no bias in the system is even more complex • Very few companies use JE at the moment • Responsible employers may feel forced to do it • Others would prefer to risk prosecution *

14. Potential impact of the legislation • In an environment where the general practice is not to have HR let alone JE it is unlikely to make much difference • once you evaluate jobs far bigger problems of internal anomalies will appear • it’s a very sophisticated tool • it would be a “wind fall” to consultants and a nightmare to employers *

15. There are more important HR issues that need to be tackled first • the need for better/more training • need for greater man management skills • protection from unfair dismissal • inequitable salaries & closed systems of determining salaries • favouritism & nepotism • bad working conditions • health & safety in the workplace *

16. There are more important Female issues that need to be tackled • Glass ceilings • Lack of objective selection for promotion • Male dominated management style • behaviour is interpreted in male way • alien/hostile environment for women • if adopt same style, criticised by both men and women • Lack of real partnership in developing the next generation • Whilst need laws to support change, they cannot force changes in such deep rooted issues *

17. Conclusion On a cost/benefit analysis basis: * the costs are very high * the benefits are marginal Ultimately, those who believe they are underpaid have the option to change employer