New College English (Book Two, Second Edition)

1. New College English (Book Two, Second Edition) Unit 5 Dreams

2. Contents Preparation 1 2 In-class Reading Passage 3 After-class Reading Passages Further Development 4

3. PREPARATION We spend approximately one-third of our life time in a state of sleep.

4. I. About Dreams • Much of the night is filled with dreams: some dreams are sweet, some scary. Have you ever dreamed that your teeth were falling out or you were taking an examination? Dream and sleep have long been linked to myth, poetry, fantasy and superstition. But what is the biological function of sleep, and how do sleep disorders affect us? Even more interesting is the question of how to interpret dreams.

5. More Information • Dreams have long proven themselves to be storehouses of creativity and may in fact be the well from which imagination springs. With dream incubation and the new opportunities presented by lucid dreaming, artists, musicians, dancers, sculptors, and inventors are able to dive deep into the source of inspiration and explore the vast reaches of their own creative potential by meeting face to face with the unconscious. The increased clarity and directable nature of the lucid state often enables the dreamer to return awake laden with creative insights.

6. Nightmare • Almost everyone has experienced one or more dreams that contain anxiety or outright fear. For some, unpleasant dreams or nightmares recur repeatedly; for others, the content may change while the theme remains the same, such as scenes of falling, or of being pursued or attacked, late or unprepared for a presentation or an exam, stuck in slow motion, unable to move or scream, or naked in public, to name a few common themes.

7. Nightmare • This type of experience, when unpleasant, is usually associated with lack of progress by the dreamer to recognize and solve related conflicts in life.

8. Nightmare • We truly are lucky to have such nightmares, since they provide a natural ‘pressure-release’ therapy for the psyche, and especially since they may even provide what amounts to an early cure if we listen to, make an effort to understand and then act upon the valuable insight that dreams try to bring us. The goal is still to put an end to nightmares and recurring dreams, but by evolving them into more beneficial scenarios, and not by blocking, ignoring or denying them.

9. 1.Flower 2.Desert 3.Bats 4.Teeth falling out 5.Falling down from a high place 6.Eating spoiled food 7.Choking 8.Being dead 9.Get lost 10.Lots of money 11.Blood a.Difficult journey b.Growth and prosperity c.Dental disease d. Enemy, danger and fear e. Stomach problem f. Heart attack g. New start in life h. Unclear future i.Something secreat j. Fortunate k. Heavy quilt Matching the suitable ones Symbols Interpretations

10. Keys 1.b 2. a 3. d 4. c 5. f 6. e 7. k 8. g 9. h 10. I 11. j

11. Talking about your dreams • How often do you dream? • What sort of dreams do you have?Are they connected to your daily life? • Do you have recurring dreams, that is , dreams that you often have? • Have you ever wondered about the meanings of your dreams? • Do you have any satisfactory explanations for your dream?

12. Dream Recall 1.Can you recall all your dreams? 2.What kind of dream you can recall easily? 3.What should you do to help yourself to recall your dream? 4.Do you have any suggestions to recall dream clearly?

13. In-class Reading Passage • Words and Phrases • Structure of the Passage • Key to Exercise

14. Words and Phrases

15. Is there such a thing as a dream in which the events seen by the dreamer come true? come true 实现，变成现实，成真 I hope our dreams come true. His wish to be an actor has come true. 他想当演员的愿望实现了。

16. 2. Such questions have interestedpeople for thousands of years. (Line 2) interest v. to attract your attention and make you feel interested; to make yourself give your attention to sth.使感兴趣，使关注 ~sb/yourself (in sth) Politics doesn’t interest me. 我对政治不感兴趣。 It may interest you to know that he didn’t accept the job.

17. Phrase: interest sb in sth : persuade sb to buy, eat or do sth. Could I interest you in this model, Sir? 你想瞧瞧这个型号么？ interested adj. be ~ in sth/sb, be ~ in doing sth, be ~ to do sth

18. 3. Scientific advancesin the past few decades have revealed more about the physical process of sleep…(Line 3) advance noun, verb, adj. n. ~(in sth) progress or a development in a particular activity or area of understanding Recent advances in medical science 医学的最新进展

19. advance n. 前进，行进（尤指部队）， 预付款，（价格）上涨，提高 We fear that an advance on the captial would soon follow. 我们担心接下来会马上向首都推进。 She asked for an advance on her salary.她要求预支薪水。 Share prices showed significant advances today. 今天股票价格大幅上涨。 IDM in advance (of sth) 事先，预先 It is cheaper if you book the tickets a week in advance.

20. advance v. 前进，发展，进步，促进，推动，提出（想法，计划），提前 They have advanced 20 miles by nightfall. 夜幕降临时，他们已推进了20英里。 This research has done much to advance our understanding of language learning. 这项研究大大提高了我们对语言学习的认识。 The date of the meeting has been advanced from Friday to Monday. 会议日期已经从星期五提前到星期一。

21. Studying for new qualifications is one way of advancing your career. 为提高学历而进修时促进事业发展的一个办法。 This article advances a new theory to explain changes in the climate. 这篇文章提出了一个解释气候变化的新理论。

22. advance adj. 预先的，事先的 Please give us advance warning of any changes to the schedule. 工作日程如有改动，请事先通知我们。

23. 4. …many questions about dreams that continue to puzzle us. (line 5) puzzle noun , verb n. 迷，疑问，智力游戏 v.迷惑，使困惑 Her reply puzzled me. 她的回答把我弄糊涂了。 puzzle over /about 苦苦思索，仔细琢磨 Karen puzzled over the question all evening. She's been puzzling over his strange letter for weeks. 她几个星期也琢磨不透他那封奇怪的来信.

24. puzzled adj. puzzling adj. She listened with a puzzled expression on her face. 她脸上带著困惑的表情在倾听著。 The teacher's explanation clarify the puzzling problem. 老师的说明澄清了困扰的问题。

25. 5. Everyone dreams– it’s just that some of us can’t remember doing so. remember doing sth 记得曾经做过的事 remember to do sth 记住要去做某事 在这里，动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生 而不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生。 例如： 1stop to dostop doing 2 forget to doforget doing 3 regret to doregret doing

26. 4cease to docease doing 5 try to dotry doing 6go on to dogo on doing 7 afraid to doafraid doing 8interested to do interested doing 9 mean to domean doing 10 begin/ start to do begin/ start doing

27. 6. …we’re only able to remember our dreams if we happen to wake up…(Line 12) happen to + v. 碰巧，凑巧 I happened to look out of the window and saw him pass by. 我碰巧向外张望，看见他经过。

28. 7. …the first occurring about 90 minutes after we fall asleep. (Line 17) This is a non-defining clause containing a subject and a present participle.

29. 8. After that, our dreaming periods recur every 90 minutes and last between 15 tpo 45 minutes, getting longer as the night progresses. (line 19) recur v. to happen again or a number of times 再发生，反复出现 This theme recurs several times throughout the book. 这个主题在整部书中出现了好几次。 a recurring illness/ problem/nightmare 反复出现的疾病.问题.噩梦 recurrence n. 反复，重现a ~ of illness recurring decimal 循环小数

30. last v . go on , continue 持续，继续 How long will this film last? The hot weather lasted until September.

31. progress v. 前进，行进；（时间上）推移，流逝；进步，改进 The line of traffic progressed slowly through the town. 车流缓慢地穿过城镇。 The weather became colder as the day progressed. 天色越晚，天气就越冷。 Working on the new road is progressing slowly. 新路的修建工作在缓慢进行。

32. 9. The main purpose of sleeping(apart from giving us rest) may be to allow us to dream. (Line 21) apart from 除了…外（都.还），要不是，此外=aside from I’ve finished apart from the last question. 除了最后一道题，我全做完了。 Apart from their house in London, they also have a villa in Spain.他们在伦敦有一座房子，此外在西班牙还有一套别墅。 Apart from everything else, we had financial problems. 别的一切都不提，我们财政上也有困难。

33. 10. The frustrating dream in which you try to run but your legs won’t move…(line 27) frustrating adj. 令人懊恼沮丧的 It is frustrating to have to wait so long. frustrate v. 使懊丧，使沮丧 What frustrates him is that there is too little money to spend on the project. 使他懊恼的是可用于这个项目的资金太少。 frustrated adj. 懊恼，沮丧 They felt frustrated at the lack of progress. 没有进展，他们感到很懊丧。 frustration n. 懊恼，沮丧的事 Dave thumped the table in frustration. 戴夫懊恼得捶打桌子。

34. 11. ...how unconscious works with our conscious mind to guide and advise us. (Line 30) conscious adj. 1. be conscious of (doing )sth；be ~ that意识到，注意到 She’ very conscious of the problems involved. 她完全意识到了所涉及的问题。 2. 神志清醒的， 有意识的，有知觉的 He was badly hurt, but he still remained conscious. 他伤得很重，但仍未失去知觉。 3. 刻意的，慎重的 I had to make a conscious effort not to be rude to him. 我得刻意约束自己不要对他粗鲁。

35. unconscious adj. • 无知觉的，昏迷的，不省人事的 She was knocked unconscious. 她被打昏了。 They found him lying unconscious on the floor. 他们发现他晕倒在地板上。 • 无意识的，自然流露的 unconscious feeling/impulse自然流露的感情.冲动 3.未觉察，未意识到 He was quite unconscious of the danger. 他丝毫没有意识到危险。 the unconscious n. 潜意识

36. 12. Some people believe that dreams are total nonsense, merely the result of the misfiring of electrical impulses in the brain, while on the other hand, some read great importance into even the simplest of dreams. misfire v. 不奏效，不运行，(枪炮等)不发火 The joke misfired completely. 这个笑话讲得完全不成功. The engine is misfiring badly on one cylinder. 发动机有一个汽缸严重失灵.

37. impulse n. 冲动，一时的念头，推动，刺激，脉冲，动力 ~ to do sth He had a sudden impulse to stand up and sing. The door was open and on an impulse she went inside. 门开着，她念头一转就走了进去。 He bought the house on an impulse. 他凭一时冲动/一时心血来潮买下了这所房子。 The increasing consumption gives an impulse to economic development. 消费的不断增长刺激了经济的发展。

38. read sth to sth : to think that sth means more than it really does把根本没有的意思加进去解释，对…做过多理解 Don’t read too much into what she says. 不要在她的话里加进太多自己的理解。

39. 13. Some dreams reflect inner fear that are instantly recognizable. (Line 35) reflect v. 反映，映出（影像），反射（声.光.热等），显示，表明，沉思reflection n. His face was reflected in the mirror. 他的脸映照在镜子里。 This material absorbs the sound, and doesn’t reflect it. 这种材料吸音，而不产生回音。 His music reflects his interest in African culture. 他的音乐反映了他对非洲文化的兴趣。 Before I decide, I need time to reflect. 在作出决定以前，我需要时间认真考虑。

40. 14. …even if they are only subconscious. (Line 36) subconscious adj. n. 潜意识的，下意识的 subconsciously adv. One's conscious motives are often different from one's subconscious ones. 一个人有明显动机的举动跟下意识的举动往往截然不同.

41. 15. …possibly the oldest of which dates back to 5000 BC. (Line 41) date back to 回溯到，始于date from The college dates back to medieval times. 这所学院创办于中世纪。 a law dating from the 17th century 自17世纪起沿用至今的一条法律

42. 16. Dreams are closely tied up with an individual’s mind and analysis is so opento mistakes or errors. (Line 51） be tied up with 和…有密切关系 His failure is tied up with his poor work habits. be open to : be likely to 易于 This book is open to misunderstanding.

43. 17. Dreaming of walking on hot coals, for example, may well be caused by sleeping with your feet too close to a heater. (Line 26) may well / might well: be very likely to 很可能 Wages may well fall to extremely low levels over the next year. Her life might well have been saved if she had been taken to the hospital sooner.

44. 18. …a dream about drinking wine meant a short life, whereas a dream about drinking water predicted a long life. (Line 42) whereas : conjunction 连词 （it is used to say that although something is true of one thing, it is not true of another) Some cancers are cured by chemotherapy alone, whereas others are unaffected by drugs.

45. Structure Of the Passage

46. Structure of the Text • Introduction. (Para 1) Questions concerning dreams have puzzled human being. II. Dreaming and sleeping (Para 2-3) i. When does dreaming occur? When we are in REM sleep. ii. What are the main purposes of sleeping? To give us rest and to allow us to dream.

47. III. Possible causes of dreams. (Para 4-6) i. Physiological Example: Sleeping with one’s feet too close to a heater may cause one to dream of walking on hot coals. ii. Reflection of inner fears. Example: Worrying about losing one’s job may cause one to dream of losing one’s job.

48. IV. Dream Interpretation (Para 7-9) i. The earliest dream dictionary included symbols such as drinking wine to indicate a short life and drinking water to indicate a long life. ii. Artemidorus’s dictionary includes symbols such as right hand (father), left hand (mother) and dolphin (a good omen). iii. Most experts warn that dream interpretations should be treated with care.

49. Key to Exercise

50. Key Answers to the Exercises • Vocabulary • 1)explanation 2) enthusiasts 3) frustrating 4) popularity 5) unconscious 6) electrical 7) movements 8) recognizable 9)interpretation 10) countless