The Whole Community Approach to Emergency Management

1. The Whole Community Approach to Emergency Management 2011 'Pathways to Resilient Communities' Summit Homeland Security Center of Excellence May 2011

2. The FEMA Workforce ▪ 4,250 authorized full-time permanent employees ▪ Approximately 12,000 on-call disaster assistance employees

3. 2010 set a record for federal declarations 81 federal disaster declarations (59 in 2009) 9 federal emergency declarations (7 in 2009) 18 fire management assistance declarations (49 in 2009) We are busy!

4. FEMA Joint Field Offices (current as of 19 Jan 2011)

5. FEMA’s Message to Citizens Have a Plan & a Home Survival Kit (72 hrs) Message To Citizens Once You are Safe, Check on a Neighbor Administrator Craig Fugate Take a First Aid Course and Learn CPR

6. Emergency Management Philosophy The Public is a Resource (not a liability) Everyone in FEMA is an Emergency Manager Take Care of Survivors Emergency Management Philosophy Determine Response by Outcomes Define what Recovery means

7. Law Enforcement Public Health/Medical Citizen Volunteers Public Works Critical Infrastructures Military Media FEMA is not THE Team – We are PART of the Team State Emergency Mgt City and County Emergency Mgt Tribal Emergency Mgt Fire Service Non-Government Orgs Private Sector Emergency Mgt Federal Emergency Mgt Agency

8. Local/State/Federal Partnership Establishing and managing an effective Local-State-Federal-Tribal partnership is critical because: • Each Partner manages different aspects of the same programs. • FEMA, upon request, supports State to support locals. • Breakdowns can lead to: • Ineffective response to victims. • Delays in assistance. • Mismanagement of public funds. Teamwork is the Key

9. What is the “Whole Community” approach to Emergency Management? Serving the Whole Community: It is our obligation to make sure that our services are available to everyone, regardless of the challenges that may be posed by disabilities, medical conditions, language, age, economic status, or other factors. Working with the Whole Community: To truly meet the needs of survivors, especially in catastrophic disasters, we must leverage the assets of both traditional and non-traditional partners. This requires strengthening our relationships with groups that are traditionally active during disasters while developing relationships with new, non-traditional partners before an event occurs. “We need to stop doing what is easiest for us, and start doing what is easiest for the survivors”

10. Whole of Community Principles • Saving and sustaining lives is our number one priority, no matter the scale and magnitude of the crisis. We must stabilize the event within the first 72 hours. Our focus must shift from incidents to individuals and from processes to products. • A catastrophic event requires that we are prepared to respond in non-traditional ways, well beyond current Federal and State planning. • Time is our biggest enemy, and our approach must focus on preparing and fully empowering impacted communities, survivors, and all of society-NGOs, FBOs, social & fraternal organizations. • Our citizens are force multipliers. Individuals and communities are the most critical response and recovery assets present during the initial hours and days following an event. We need greater inclusion paths designed into our participatory planning & preparedness activities.

11. The Meta-Scenario • In order to anticipate catastrophic requirements and to avoid narrow focus on a limited number of specific scenarios, the Whole Community methodology is built upon a foundation of a “meta-scenario” consisting of the “maximum of maximum” challenges across a range of scenarios: • No-notice event • Impact area • ~7 million population • 25,000 square miles • Several states and FEMA regions • 190,000 fatalities in initial hours • 265,000 citizens require emergency medical attention • Severe damage to critical infrastructure and key resources • Severe damage to essential transportation infrastructure • Ingress/egress options limited

12. Situational Assessment Goals/Metrics • Impacted communities and survivors have the capacity to receive critical life-savinginformation within 1 hour, either by technical or non-technical means • Initial assessmentsof impacted area(s) delivered to on-site and local response elements, local governments and to the impacted population/survivors within 1 hour • Initial assessment of resources available to save and sustain lives within 4 hours • Common Operational Picture updated hourly, beginning within 4 hours, and disseminated to all stakeholders • Empirically based life-saving products within 8 hours

13. Centers of Gravity • These centers of gravity represent the highest priority essential functions necessary for both saving and sustaining lives, and stabilizing the site and the situation within 72 hours. Survivors Needs Enables Response On-Scene Security and Protection Mass Search and Rescue Operations Health and Medical Treatment Mass Care Services Public & Private Services & Resources Stabilize and Repair Essential Infrastructure Fatality Management Services • Situational Assessment • Public Messaging • Command, Control, & Coordination • Critical Communications • Environmental Health & Safety • Critical Transportation

14. Enables Response - Objectives Provide all decision makers with relevant information regarding: A) the nature/extent of the hazard and B) status of the response. Deliver prompt, action-oriented public messages to A) impacted communities, B) populations in and around the impacted area who can assist in the response operations, and C) the public. Ensure basic communication among A)locals, states , regions and Federal government & B) communications for the affected communities, organizations and people. Provide infrastructure access and transportation services for response priorities, including evacuation of people and delivery of urgent response services and resources. Ensure event-specific environmental health and safety focused guidance is disseminated and implemented to both affected communities and responders. Establish unified actions across the “whole of community” by any means necessary. Provide Unity of Effort across A) the incident command, B) the impacted /affected states, and C) the Federal response.

15. Survivor Needs-Objectives Ensure a safe and secure environment for affected communities and responders, and protect essential infrastructure. Deliver prompt search and rescue services to persons in distress within the impacted area. Conduct triage and provide emergency-level heath and medical treatment to severely injured people within the impacted area. Provide essential mass care services to include life-sustainment, with a focus on basic nourishment and temporary shelter to the impacted population. Shelter 25% of the impacted population. Stabilize damaged critical infrastructure to minimize cascading threats to the population Nuclear Power Plants, refineries, etc. Recover deceased and provide mortuary support for 190K. Public & Private Services & Resources Provide essential public and private services and resources to the impacted population

16. Addressing Resource Requirements State and Local / EMAC Compacts Federal Resources Whole Community - Deltas Public / Private/VOAD Capabilities Based Planning

17. Identifying and Closing the Deltas • Trade Associations/FBOs • Private Sector/Social Organizations • All focused on initial 72 hr. response and recovery

18. Current Challenges • Expanding the dialogue: • To engage the larger, “whole” community • To consider response challenges beyond 72 hours • To consider recovery, prevention, and protection