What animals have been cloned?

1. Lead-in What animals have been cloned? Dolly First cloned cat

2. First cloned horse What animals have been cloned? First cloned mule

3. Cloned monkeys Cloned twin goats What animals have been cloned?

4. Unit 2 Cloning

5. Learning goals Functional Items Topic Grammar Knowledge Goals • Natural clones and man-made clones • The history of cloning • Controversy about cloning • Acceptance and refusal • Praise and encouragement • Revise the Appositive

6. Ability Goals • Practice expressing and supporting • an opinion. • 2. Can use the appositive clause correctly. • 3. Enable to write a composition about • cloning . Emotion Goals Can talk about cloning.

7. Important Points Difficult Points Important and Difficult Points • How to describe cloning. • Know about the history of cloning • Help the students analyze the writing • techniques of the article.

8. Warming Up Which group is real twins?

9. Are the following clones the same? If not, what is the difference? NO. The twins are _________clones. Dolly is an example of _________ clone natural man-made

10. Questions: 1.As far as you know, what are the advantages and disadvantages that cloning brings to us? Some fatal diseases can be cured with the application of cloning; the rate of success in organ transplant will be greatly improved; and the infertile couples are hopeful to have their own babies, etc. However, it may bring confusion and fear to us; it will threaten human society and dignity; and those clones may feel miserable if they are treated as organ donors instead of independent human beings.

11. Due to the inefficiency of animal cloning and the lack of understanding about this technology, I’m strongly against it. Not only do most attempts to clone mammals fail, several cloned animals have died prematurely from infections. Moreover, we don’t know how cloning could impact mental development, which is crucial for the development of healthy humans. With so many unknowns concerning reproductive cloning, the attempt to clone humans at this time is considered potentially dangerous and ethically irresponsible. 2. Should Humans be cloned?

12. 克隆羊多利

13. Pre-reading What is cloning ? There are different types of cloning, and cloning technologies can be used for other purposes besides producing the genetic twin of another organism. The three types of cloning technologies are: (1) recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning, (2) reproductive cloning, and (3) therapeutic cloning.

14. What animals have been cloned? Scientists have been cloning animals for many years. In 1952, the first animal, a tadpole, was cloned. Before the creation of Dolly, the first mammal cloned from the cell of an adult animal, clones were created from embryonic cells. Since Dolly, researchers have cloned a number of large and small animals including sheep, goats, cows, mice, pigs, cats, rabbits, and a gaur. All these clones were created using nuclear transfer technology.

15. Celebrity Sheep Dolly Dolly, the first mammal to be cloned from adult DNA, was put down by lethal injection on Feb. 14, 2003. Prior to her death, Dolly had been suffering from lung cancer and crippling arthritis.

16. Celebrity Sheep Dolly Although most Finn Dorset sheep live to be 11 to 12 years of age, postmortem examination of Dolly seemed to indicate that, other than her cancer and arthritis, she appeared to be quite normal. The unnamed sheep from which Dolly was cloned had died several years prior to her creation. Dolly was a mother to six lambs, bred the old-fashioned way.

17. Reading Fast Reading, pay attention: 1.Dolly the sheep_____. A. looked exactly like the sheep that provides the egg. B. was the exact copy of the sheep that provides the nucleus. C. looked like the sheep that gave birth to it. D. had the characteristics of all three sheep. B

18. 2. It can be inferred from the passage that a cloned animal_____.A. usually lives as long as the original oneB. usually lives longer than the original oneC. usually lives shorter than the original oneD. is usually as healthy as the original one C

19. B 3. The cloning of Dolly the sheep succeeded because____. • its easier to clone a sheep than other animals • the scientists were determined and worked hard with patience C. the scientists were rewarded and got lots of money D. many other attempts to clone mammals failed

20. 4. Which of the following is not an advantage of cloning? • Cloning can be used for medical purposes. • Large quantities of food can be produced by cloning. • Cloning can help keep animals from becoming extinct. • Famous persons who have passed away can be cloned.

21. Detailed Reading: Read the text again and answer the following questions. • How did the world react to the first successfully cloned sheep? The world was amazed by the news at first, then worried about and puzzled over a long list of wild possibilities.

22. 2. What are the two broad categories human cloning situations often fall into? One of the situations is that parents want to clone a child who can serve either as a transplant donor or as a substitute for the original. The second is that adults want to clone themselves for a variety of reasons.

23. Because clones are only physically identical while twins share the same environment within the mother and are usually raised in the same family. 3. According to the author, why are twins more alike than clones? 4. Biologically speaking, what is the only possible major difference between a clone and the original? The only possible major difference is bearing children, as scientists are not sure if Dolly will be able to have lambs.

24. 5. Why do some parents want to save their fatally ill child through cloning? Because cloning would increase the chances for a tissue match from 25 percent to nearly 100 percent. 6. Could cloned animals be used as organ donors? If technology was improved, this could be realized.

25. How did Judith Martin suggest referring to one’s DNA donors? It might be proper to refer to them as “Most honored sir or madam”. 8. What is the gravest concern about human cloning for society? The creation of a new and disrespected social class: the clones.

26. Explanation 1.It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal and plant. 它是一种精确复制另一个动物或植物的方式。 Here a way of means a manner of 一种……的方式。

27. 2. Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination. In this sentence, raise means lead. 全句意思是：多利的出现引起一场反对风暴，并且对媒体和公众思想产生了很大的冲击。

28. 3. However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us. “whether cloning will help or harm us”, “where it is leading us” is the objects of the word “wonder” . 全句意思是：科学家一直致力于研究克隆到底会有助于我们还是会伤害我们，它们将我们引向何方。

29. 1.implication n. Language Points (1)sth. that is suggested or sth. that is not openly stated 含义，暗示 He smiled, but the implication was that he didn't believe me. 他微微一笑,但这一笑暗示着他不相信我的话。

30. (2) involving or being involved, esp. in a crime 牵连，卷入 The implication of the general manager in the criminal case further complicated the whole situation. 总经理卷入这件刑事诉讼案使整个形势进一步复杂化了。

31. 2. prohibit vt. fobid, esp. by law or rule; prevent; make impossible 禁止，使不可能，阻止 Smoking is strictly prohibited in the process of handling explosive materials. 在处理易爆物时, 严格禁止吸烟。 The loudness of the music prohibits serious conversation in most nightclubs. 大多数夜总会里音乐声很响，没法进行严肃的谈话。

32. 3. mount vi./vt. vi. increase gradually esp. in a way that makes a situation worse 增加，上升 Four days after the accident, the death toll continued to mount. 事故发生的四天之后，死亡人数在继续上升。 vt. 1). go up or on to 登上 I really feel sorry for the old lady when I find she can mount the stairs only with difficulty. 当我发现这位老妇人上楼梯十分艰难时感到十分难过。

33. The united opponent parties are getting ready to mount a powerful attack on the government. 联合起来的反对党正准备向政府发动有力的攻势。 vt. 2. prepare and produce, organize 准备并进行，组织

34. 4. resemble vt. look or be like; be similar, esp. in appearance to (sb./sth.) 像，类似 She resembles her mother in the way she moves her hands when she talks. 她说话时打手势的动作像她妈妈。 We have produced a cloth made of pineapple fiber, closely resembling cotton but stronger. 我们生产出了一块由菠萝纤维制成的衣料，很像棉布但质地更结实。

35. 5. minor a./n. (1) smaller or lesser in degree, size,numbers or importance when compared with others 较小的，较少的；低级的，次要的 The important thing is to finish it quickly; cost is only a relatively minor consideration. 重要的是尽快完成，相对而言，费用是次要考虑的事。 (2) a person who is below the age at which he or she becomes an adult legally 未成年人 In Britain you are a minor until you are eighteen. 在英国，你不满十八岁就是未成年人。

36. 6. fatal a. very serious and having an important bad effect in the future or (of illness, accidents, etc.) causing death决定命运的，致命的 Global warming is fatal to the world and therefore scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. 全球变暖对于世界的影响是灾难性的，因此科学家们不断呼吁我们要警惕日益严重的全球变暖的危险。

37. 7. deliberate a./vi./vt. (1) planned故意的，蓄意的 He is the very witness who testifies under oath that the fire which had broken out in the company was deliberate. 他就是那个证人，他发誓证明公司发生的火灾是有人蓄意放的。 (2) moving, acting, or thinking slowly and usu. carefully 谨慎的，慎重的 When confronted with such a delicate situation, you are supposed to take deliberate actions. 面临如此微妙的局面，你应该采取谨慎的行动。

38. vt./vi. think or talk seriously and carefully about 认真考虑，研讨 The senate has been deliberating the question for three days. 三天来参议院一直在仔细斟酌这个问题。 They met to deliberate on possible solutions to the problem. 他们开会仔细研讨解决问题的办法。

39. 8. classify vt. divide things into groups according to type 分类，归类 The books in the library are classified by/according to subject. 图书馆里的书籍是按题材分类的。 Would you classify her novels as serious literature or as mere entertainment? 你认为她的小说属于“严肃文学”类，还是“纯娱乐”类？

40. 9. word that…/of… 关于······的消息 Word that there would be great increase in food prices has been spread fast on the streets. 关于食品价格即将大幅上涨的消息在街 上传得很快。 10. succeed in doing sth. 成功地做了某事 If they succeed in establishing a cease-fire, the UN will send in peace-keeping forces. 如果他们成功地达成了停火协议，联合国将派驻维和部队。

41. 11. draft guidelines for… 为······起草指导方针 She was busy drafting her speech for next month’s speech contest. 她正忙着为下月的演讲比赛起草演讲稿。 12. fall into 可分成；属于 Things of a kind come together; people of a mind fall into a group. 物以类聚，人以群分。

42. 12. in theory 在理论上 Your plan sounds fine in theory, but I don’t know if it will work in practice. 你的计划理论上听起来不错，但我不知 道实际上是否行得通。 13. be identical to / with 与······一模一样；就等于 It seems that his opinion is identical to mine, which is really out of my expectation. 他的意见似乎和我的一样，这真的是我没有料想到的。

43. 14. in terms of 从······方面（来说）； 根据；按照 To my great surprise, he thinks of everything in terms of money now. 令我大为吃惊的是，现在他考虑任何事情 都从金钱的角度出发。 15. be concerned about / over 担心，担忧 As adults, we should be deeply concerned about the healthy growth of the children in Africa. 作为成年人，我们应该关注非洲儿童的健康成长问题。

44. 16. be comparable / similar to 可与······相比；类似于 在一些人眼里，爱情就像是个迷宫，充满了诱惑和陷阱。 In the eyes of some people, love is comparable to a maze, full of lures and traps.

45. 17. Typical patterns for advancing one’s arguments 原句: If cloned animals could be used as organ donors, we wouldn’t have to worry about cloning twins for transplants. (L. 48) 如果把克隆的动物用作器官捐赠，那我们就不必考虑为器官移植而克隆双胞胎了。 句型提炼 If sb. / sth. could be / do sth., we wouldn’t have to worry about (doing) sth. else. 假如某人 / 某物可能是 / 做某事，我们不必担心······

46. 18. Typical patterns for comparison and contrast 原句:Like the Theory of Relativity, the splitting of the atom, and the first space flight, Dolly’s appearance has generated a long list of difficult puzzles for scientists, politicians, and philosophers. (L. 11) 就像相对论、原子裂变和第一次太空飞行一样，多莉的出现给科学家、政治家和哲学家们提出了一长串难以解答的问题。

47. 句型提炼: Like sth. else, the appearance / arrival / birth / invention of sth. new generates / produces / makes…像某些事/ 物一样，某事 / 物的出现/ 诞生 / 发明产生 / 带来了······ 应用：就像历史上的任何一场战争一样，伊拉克战争给世界带来了一长串的战 后难题。 Like any other wars in history, the Iraq war has generated a long list of difficult postwar problems for the world.

48. Learning about language Words 1. 四会词汇 strawberry，differ，exact，straightforward，breakthrough，disturbing，cast，altogether，objection，media，moral，ceiling，shortly，retire，assumption，merely，decoration，zebra，aloud

49. 2. 认读词汇 identical，nucleus，gene，somatic，embryo，fate，impact，extinct，popularity，Jurassic，bison，calf，DNA，habitat，restore，Auroch，Great Auk，Quagga 3．重点词汇 clone， commercial， producer， undertake， arbitrary，object ，forbid， accumulate bother， regulation， resist， unable， argument ，reasonable， obtain

50. Morphology different exact commercial reasonable difference exactness commercial reasonability 形容词 名词 过去式 过去分词 undertake cast forbid strike undertook cast forbad struck undertaken cast forbidden struck