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PROTISTS

PROTISTS. State Standards:. Protists. 1) Microscopic, unicellular organisms that contain a nucleus (eukaryotes). CHARACTERISTICS. Take in Oxygen through diffusion Can move like animals and react to changes in the environment

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PROTISTS

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  1. PROTISTS State Standards:

  2. Protists • 1) Microscopic, unicellular organisms that contain a nucleus (eukaryotes).

  3. CHARACTERISTICS • Take in Oxygen through diffusion • Can move like animals and react to changes in the environment • Can be Autotrophs (Plant-like) or Heterotrophs (Animal-like or Fungus-like)

  4. Cell membrane • Surround the cell and give it its’ shape • Unlike bacteria, there is no cell wall

  5. Nuclear membrane • Surrounds and protects the nucleus

  6. Chloroplasts • ONLY found in plant cells or cells that complete PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Make glucose for the cell by completing photosynthesis.

  7. Mitochondria • Energy producers of the cell. This is where RESPIRATION takes place.

  8. Contractile Vacuole • Excretes excess water from the cell. • Why does the protist take on water?

  9. Protists Reproduce through fission

  10. AMOEBA • Move by using a pseudopod, or false foot. • It is an extension of the cell membrane.

  11. 3- Examples a) Amoeba Pseudopod

  12. PARAMECIUM • Move by using Cilia- tiny hairs

  13. Cilia Paramecium showing its cilia Paramecia swimming amongst algae. 3- Examples b) Paramecium

  14. Sporozoans • All are parasites • Example = Plasmodium – cause of Malaria

  15. Plasmodium falciparum Various stages of the most deadly form of Malaria – Plasmodium falciparum

  16. Harmful Protists • Produce a nerve poison in shellfish that kills humans and fish in red tide • Cause diseases: Chaga’s disease, Malaria, (another video), toxoplasmosis, dysentary, Trypanosomaisis, Leishmaniasis, Toxoplasma, Cryptospiridium, (2), Leishmaniasis, Brain Amoeba, African Sleeping Sickness

  17. PLANT-LIKE PROTISTS (ALGAE) • 1) Are autotrophs, have chlorophyll and cell walls. • 2) Most are plankton (live and float around in water).

  18. Euglena showing flagellum & chloroplasts Euglena swimming Euglena – move by flagella or whip-like tail Nucleus Chloroplast Flagellum

  19. Euglena Flagellum Chloroplast

  20. a) Flagellum – whiplike tail

  21. DIATOMS Unicellular algae that come in many shapes & sizes

  22. Diatoms • Cell Wall is made of Silica (a glassy substance)

  23. Diatomaceous Earth Fiberglass Insulation Diatoms • Uses of diatoms: • 1) Fiberglass insulation • 2) Some paints • 3) Car polish • 4) Toothpaste

  24. a)Dinoflagellates Flagella

  25. Netrium Pediastrum (colony) Spirogyra Volvox (colony) Other Examples of Algae

  26. Algal blooms • When nutrients get into the water (farm runoff, factory wastes, detergents, etc.) algae grow in great numbers. • Algae using up oxygen can cause fish kills

  27. Red tide washing up on shore Fish Kill during red tide Red algae in water Algal blooms Red tide – Bloom of microscopic red algae (rhodophyta)

  28. 4- Slime Molds • Fungus-like protists that resemble different organisms throughout their life span (resemble an amoeba, a fungus with spores, and a flagellate).

  29. Scrambled egg slime: Fuligo septica Trichia decipiens Leocarpus fragilis (fruiting bodies) Leocarpus fragilis (plasmodium) 4- Slime molds

  30. Protozoans

  31. AMOEBA Contractile Vacuole Nucleus Cell Membrane Food Vacuole

  32. Contractile Vacuole

  33. Food vacuole with food inside. Food Vacuole

  34. Endoplasm Pseudopod Ectoplasm

  35. Pseudopodia • Endoplasm pushes on the ectoplasm • Ectoplasm pushes on cell membrane & forms a pseudopod. • Ectoplasm then becomes endoplasm.

  36. Amoeba surrounding food (algae) with its pseudopodia Phagocytosis • Use of vacuoles to bring in food.

  37. Vacuoles forming to bring in water Pinnocytosis • Use of vacuoles to bring in water

  38. PARAMECIUM Contractile Vacuole Food Vacuole Micronucleus Macronucleus Controls reproduction

  39. Macronucleus & Micronucleus Micronucleus Macronucleus

  40. Trichocyst- A “harpoon” used in defense PARAMECIUM

  41. Trichocysts

  42. PARAMECIUM Cilia

  43. PARAMECIUM Oral Groove Gullet Anal Spot Newly formed Food Vacuole

  44. Anal Spot Food vacuole At end of the gullet How a Paramecium Eats • Food passes into the gullet • A food vacuole forms at the end of the gullet • Food vacuoles float in the cytoplasm • Cilia moves food toward the oral groove • After food is digested, waste exits through the anal spot

  45. Gullet Oral Groove Oral Groove Oral Groove and Gullet

  46. Flagellum Nucleus Nucleolus Mitochondria Chloroplast Cytoplasm

  47. Eyespot Reservoir Stores excess water Used to detect light Pellicle Tough cell membrane + proteins

  48. Euglena structures Eyespot Reservoir

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