1 / 19

The Three Sections of the Cell: Nucleus, Cytoplasm, and Plasma Membrane

Learn about the three main sections of a cell - the nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane - and their functions and components. Discover how these organelles work together to support the basic functions of life.

kathrynm
Download Presentation

The Three Sections of the Cell: Nucleus, Cytoplasm, and Plasma Membrane

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Three Sections of the Cell • Cell = Basic unit of life • All cells take in food, rid waste, reproduce • 3 main sections • 1) Nucleus • 2) Cytoplasm • 3) Plasma Membrane

  2. Cytoplasm • Jelly-like material inside of the cell • Continuously in motion • Most organelles float within • Job: Allow chemical reactions to take place

  3. Plasma Membrane • Aka: Cell Membrane • Job: Allow materials to enter/exit • Composition: Lipids & proteins • Semi-Permeable: only some materials may enter and exit • Through pores and protein channels • Many materials enter/exit as a result of diffusion

  4. Nucleus • Job: Controls cell activity • Where DNA is made & stored • DNA holds info to make proteins • Surrounded by Nuclear Envelope • Inside: • 1) Chromatin: long strands of DNA • 2) Nucleolus: makes ribosomes

  5. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Aka: ER • Rough ER: Tunnel system that transports ribosomes and proteins • Smooth ER: makes fats & breaks down toxins (no ribosomes)

  6. Ribosomes • Created by nucleolus • Some attached to ER… some free-floating • Transported by the rough ER • Job: make proteins

  7. Golgi Apparatus • Job: Package and transport proteins out of the cell • Process Review • 1) Genes hold instructions for making proteins • 2) Nucleolus makes a ribosome • 3) Ribosome makes protein & travels through rough ER • 4) Golgi Body packages the protein into a vesicle and exports them

  8. Golgi Body in action

  9. Mitochondria • Powerhouse: Releases energy to the cell • Job: Create ATP (the energy used by cells) in a process called cellular respiration • Why more abundant in muscle cells? • Endosymbiosis theory: Once free living

  10. Lysosome • Contain digestive enzymes • Functions: • 1) Break down food • 2) Kill bacteria • 3) Autolysis: Destroy dying cell

  11. Cilia & Flagella • Made of protein • Used in locomotion • Cilia = short hair like extensions (numerous) • Flagella = long whip-like extension (very few)

  12. That one magical night!

  13. Vacuole • Job: Stores food, water, waste, color pigments • Job: add support • Swells & shrinks with H2O supply • Plant cells: Large central vacuole (as pictured) • Animal cells: Scattered smaller vacuoles

  14. Cell Wall • Outermost layer of plant, fungi, & bacteria cells • Job: Adds support to growing plants • Made of tough cellulose • Hard to digest • Witnessed by Robert Hooke in 1665

  15. Chloroplast • Job: Perform photosynthesis (plants) CO2 + H20 + sunlight  Sugar + O2 • Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight & converts it into glucose (sugar) • Endosymbiosis: Once free-living

  16. Quick Review • Different cells have many similar parts • Tiny parts are called “organelles” • Each organelle has a separate function

More Related