The Cold War ends

1. The Cold War ends • Who Won?

2. OBJECTIVE • By the end of the lesson, SWBAT describe elements and events that led to the end of the Cold War

3. Lightning ROUND rEVIEW • 1. What was the Space Race? • 2. What was the Vietnam War? • 3. How did T.V. change culture?

4. Cold War • The Cold War started in 1945 after World War II. • The U.S. was trying to spread.....? • The Soviet Union was trying to spread....?

5. Cold war - 1980’s • By the 1980’s, the Cold War was starting to thaw. • In 1985, President Reagan (U.S.) met with the Soviet leader, Mikhail Gorbachev • They met about slowing down the arms race . • Why would both countries want to slow down the arms race?

6. Arms Race • The arms race was very expensive!! The Soviet Union was using most of its government resources on developing new weapons and the army! • By slowing down the arms race, the world will become safer because there won’t be the development of deadlier and deadlier weapons.

7. Disarmament • Eventually, the Soviet Union and the U.S. signed various treaties that lowered the number of nuclear weapons each country had. • For Example, START (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) allowed the U.S. and the Soviet Union to deploy only 6,000 nuclear warheads, and 1,600 intercontinental ballistic missiles. • This was more symbolic than really reducing the chances of a nuclear disaster. • Would this really reduce the chances of a nuclear disaster?

8. Nuclear DISASTER • No, reducing the number of warheads to 6,000 would no get rid of the threat of a nuclear disaster because even one warhead can cause enormous destruction! • Think back to Hiroshima and Nagasaki (and those were far weaker bombs).

9. START • Nonetheless, the treaty showed that both sides were serious about creating a lasting peace between the two countries.

10. Soviet union • The government of the Soviet Union started to loosen up on its control over its citizens. • Gorbachev started letting people speak out more, and even start their own businesses. • How do you think the U.S. thought about the Soviet Union becoming more Capitalist?

11. Perestroika • Perestroika means “restructuring.” • Gorbachev started to “restructure” the Soviet Union by allowing people to begin to open private businesses (businesses not owned by the government but by the people). • He brought many parts of a capitalist system into the Soviet Union. • Do you think the old school communists were happy with these changes?

12. Glasnost • Gorbachev also led the Soviet Union through Glasnost, the beginning of “openness” • The government was required to not be secretive. • The media was not censored as much. • People were allowed to express themselves in writing, speech, and art.

13. Gorbachev • All these reforms were huge changes in the Soviet Union. • He became the Time “Man of the Year” in 1988

14. Communist Countries • Communist countries in Eastern Europe started breaking away from communism. • They slowly started to privatize their businesses and many became capitalist in the late 1980’s. • The Fall of Communism in Eastern Europe

15. Iron curtain breaks! • The map becomes more blue

16. Berlin wall falls • Remember Berlin? • The city was split in half. • In 1989, Berlin was reunited when Eastern Berlin stopped being communist! • Berlin was unified. • What differences do you notice about the two sides of the Berlin Wall?

17. berlin wall falling! • Celebrate good times come on!

19. The FALL OF THE SOVIET UNION • After 44 years, the Soviet Union realized that communism was not working. • The government and banks were were broke. • Services were not being provided for Soviet citizens. • People wanted a change! They led a coup! • A new Russian government that was not Communist was elected! • How do you think the U.S. felt?

20. Conclusion • The U.S. won the Cold War! • Capitalism defeated Communism • The Soviet Union stopped Communism in 1989. • The Iron Curtain in Europe disappeared