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Phylum: Nematoda

Phylum: Nematoda. “thread-like”, commonly called roundworms, found just about everywhere Examples: ascaris , pinworms, hookworms, trichina worms. Traits . Round bodies. Traits . Non-segmented. Traits . Bilateral symmetry. Traits . cephalized. Traits .

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Phylum: Nematoda

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  1. Phylum: Nematoda • “thread-like”, commonly called roundworms, found just about everywhere • Examples: ascaris, pinworms, hookworms, trichina worms

  2. Traits • Round bodies

  3. Traits • Non-segmented

  4. Traits • Bilateral symmetry

  5. Traits • cephalized

  6. Traits • Tube-in-a-tube (complete) digestive system – 2 openings

  7. Traits • Longitudinal muscles only

  8. Traits • Flame cells

  9. Advantages of a complete digestive system • Can eat continuously • Can eliminate wastes without losing good food

  10. Why are worms so long? • Since they have a straight G.I. tract, they must be long in order to have a tract long enough to digest and absorb food before it reaches the anus

  11. Excretory system • Flame cells collect waste and force them out through a series of tubes with one common exit

  12. Reproduction • Most are dioecious

  13. Two categories: Free living Parasitic

  14. Freeliving • More abundant than the parasitic nematodes • Live in soil and water (fresh and salt)

  15. Freeliving Nematodes • Bacterial feeders • Fungal feeders • Many are beneficial in helping to control disease and cycle nutrients in the soils

  16. Size = average 1 mm in length • Larger one consuming smaller parasitic ones

  17. Plant parasitic nematodes • Form cysts on the roots

  18. Parasites • Live in another organism

  19. A few main types… Ascaris Pinworms Hookworms Trichina worms Filarial worms

  20. Ascaris

  21. Ascaris • Studied a lot because they are big and cheap

  22. Ascaris life cycle • Adults live in pig intestines, mate, eggs leave with feces • Pigs ingest contaminated food or water, start over • Since the cycle is simple, it’s hard to break

  23. Ascaris larvae

  24. Ascaris Mouth

  25. Ascaris in Pig Intestines

  26. Pinworms

  27. Pin worms • Most common nematode parasite in humans

  28. Pin worm life cycle • Adults live in human intestines, mate, females crawl out the anus and lay eggs on the surrounding skin • Kid scratches self, then eats without washing hands, starts over

  29. Pinworm in Colon

  30. Cure • Easy, oral medicine goes directly to them and are flushed out with feces

  31. Prevention • Wash hands, especially after using the bathroom

  32. Hookworms

  33. Hook worms • Intestinal parasites of humans, suck blood

  34. Hook worm life cycle • Adults live in intestines, mate, eggs leave with feces • Hatch into larvae which bore through bare feet and eventually enter the lungs • Crawl up trachea, are swallowed, start over

  35. Hookworm larvae tracks

  36. Symptoms • Abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, anemia

  37. Prevention • Wear shoes • good sewage system

  38. Trichina worms

  39. Trichina worms • Cause trichinosis, can be fatal Red swollen eyes Fatigue and diarrhea Brain swelling Heart failure

  40. Trichina worm life cycle • Adults live in pigs intestines, mate, eggs immediately hatch into larvae which bore through intestines into blood stream • Eventually lodge and form cysts in the muscles, another animal eats it, start over

  41. Meat infested with Trichina worm

  42. Prevention • Cook meat well • Inspect meat • Don’t feed pigs raw meat

  43. Filarial worms

  44. Filarial worms • Cause elephantitis by clogging lymph nodes so they can’t drain fluids from the limb

  45. Filarial worm life cycle • Live and mate in fluids of body tissues, larvae are sucked out by mosquitoes and injected into another animal

  46. Prevention • Kill mosquitoes

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