The Human Body and Its Systems

1. The Human Body and Its Systems

2. In this presentation you will: • explore the systems of the human body

3. In this presentation, you will see how the cells of the human body are organized to enable it to function. You will explore some of the systems the human body uses in order to work effectively and efficiently. Next >

4. Lowest level of organization Highest levelof organization Levels of Organization The human body is made up of many cells. It is multicellular. Within multicellular organisms, different levels of organization can be seen: • Cells – the most basic unit of living things. • Tissues – made up of groups of cells that carry out the same function. • Organs – groups of tissues that work together to do a specific job. • Organ systems – groups of organs that work together to do a specific job. • Organism – a living structure made upof organ systems that can live, growand reproduce. Next >

5. Question 1 What is the lowest level of organization found in the human body? A) An organism B) Organ systems C) Organs D) Cells

6. Organ Systems The human body is very complex. In order to function properly, it uses various systems. These systems are groups of organs that work together to carry out an important function within the body. Next >

7. Heart Arteries Veins Capillaries The Circulatory System The human circulatory system consists of the heart, arteries, veins and capillaries. The heart beats to pump blood through the arteries and veins around the body. The circulation of blood around the body supplies our cells with the nutrients they need and removes the waste products that they produce. Next >

8. Rib Lung Trachea Bronchus Bronchiole Diaphragm Alveoli The Respiratory System The respiratory system includes the nose, mouth, trachea, lungs and the diaphragm. Ventilation (breathing in and out) provides the body with the oxygen it needs and removes waste carbon dioxide. During inspiration (breathing in) air enters the nose or mouth, and goes down the trachea. The diaphragm flattens and the space that the lungs are in increases. The lungs also increase and fill with air. The trachea leads to two smaller tubes called bronchi. One bronchi (a bronchus) leads into each lung. These divide into smaller and smaller tubes called bronchioles. Next >

9. Alveoli Capillaries The Respiratory System The bronchioles end in tiny sac-like structures called alveoli. Alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. Oxygen passes through the walls of the alveoli and into the blood in these capillaries. Carbon dioxide passes through the walls of the capillaries, into the alveoli. The carbon dioxide is removed from the body during expiration (breathing out). This movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide is called gas exchange. Next >

10. Question 2 In the human respiratory system, where does the process of gas exchange take place? A) Mouth B) Trachea C) Alveoli D) Nose

11. Mouth Esophagus Stomach Anus The Digestive System Humans have to digest (break down) food in order to release the energy and nutrients stored in it. Digestion occurs in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract or alimentary canal. The GI tract begins in the mouth and ends at the anus. In the mouth, food is broken into smaller pieces by chewing. Once swallowed, food travels down the esophagus, into the stomach. Next >

12. Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Rectum The Digestive System In the stomach, acids break the food down further. Food then passes into the small intestine. Here, chemicals break the food down into small molecules that can enter the bloodstream. Material that is not needed by the body, or that cannot be digested, passes to the large intestine. Much of the fluid from the digestive juices is reabsorbed into the blood. Remaining solid waste is stored in the rectum until it leaves the body via the anus. Next >

13. Question 3 What is the correct path taken by food in the human digestive system? A) Small intestine, mouth, large intestine, stomach B) Mouth, stomach, large intestine, small intestine C) Mouth, stomach, small intestine, large intestine D) Small intestine, stomach, large intestine, mouth

14. Kidney Ureter Bladder Sphincter Urethra The Urinary System The urinary system is made up of the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Its function is to remove liquid waste from the body. The kidneys filter waste materials from the blood. These waste materials combine with excess water to produce urine. Urine travels to the bladder down two tubes called ureters. The urine collects in the bladder and once the bladder is full, the muscle at the base of the bladder, the sphincter, relaxes and it leaves the body via the urethra. Next >

15. Brain Spinalcord The Nervous System The nervous system controls the body’s actions. It consists of the brain, spinal cord and nerves. There are two main parts to the nervous system: • The Central Nervous System (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord. Information from the body is carried to the brain via the spinal cord. • The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) consists of nerves that branch off from the spinal cord and brain, out to the rest of the body. Information is carried between the CNS, muscles and glands. Glands are groups of cells that produce substances that the body uses. For example glands produce the saliva in our mouths. Next >

16. The bicep contracts, pulls the front of the arm, and the arm lifts The tricep contracts, pulls the back of the arm, and the arm lowers The Muscular System The muscular system is made up of groups of stretchy tissue. Some muscles move joints. They are attached to the skeleton by tendons and always work in pairs. This is because a muscle can only either contract (get tighter and shorter) or be in a relaxed state. One muscle contracts and moves the joint. Then the muscle relaxes and the second muscle contracts and moves the joint in a different direction. Next >

17. The Muscular System We are able to move muscles such as those in our arms, legs, fingers and toes as and when we choose. These are called voluntary muscles because they can be consciously controlled. Other muscles, such as the heart muscle, eye and muscles of the intestines cannot be consciously controlled. They are involuntary muscles. Both the voluntary and involuntary movement of muscles are controlled by signals to and from the nervous system. Next >

18. Question 4 "The Muscular system and the Nervous system are both needed to make it possible to move a joint." Is this statement true or false? Answer True or False.

19. Vas deferens Epididymis Penis Sperm Testis Scrotum The Reproductive System The purpose of the reproductive system is to produce offspring. For reproduction to occur, a male gamete (sperm) and a female gamete (egg) must meet and fuse together. Sperm is made inside males’ testes. It cannot survive the warmth of the body so is kept in a sac outside the body called the scrotum. Sperm mixes with other fluids to become semen, which can leave the body via the penis. Next >

20. Fallopian tube Ovary Uterus Cervix Vagina The Reproductive System The female human has two ovaries that produce eggs (ova). Once a month an egg is released into a fallopian tube (oviduct). The fallopian tube leads to a hollow pear-shaped organ called the uterus. If sexual intercourse occurs, the egg and the sperm may meet in a fallopian tube and the egg can become fertilized. The fertilized egg travels to the uterus where it can develop into a baby. Next >

21. Tonsils Lymph nodes Thymus Lymphaticglands Spleen Bonemarrow Appendix The Immune System The immune system is how the human body protects itself against harmful invading foreign bodies such as some bacteria and viruses. If the body detects an invader, it releases large proteins called antibodies. Antibodies are made by white blood cells which are made in the organs of the immune system shown here. Next >

22. Bacteria attacks White blood cells produce antibodies Antibodies Antibodies bond with bacteria, to create large lumps The Immune System Each antibody is specific to a certain foreign body, so every time a new type is encountered, we have to make a new type of antibody. Antibodies bind with the bacteria or virus to block their effects. By joining together they form a clump which is easier for the body to destroy. Sometimes the body is not able to make the antibody in time and people get sick. Next >

23. Summary After completing this presentation you should be able to: • show knowledge and understanding of the levels of organization within the human body • show knowledge and understanding of different human body systems • show knowledge and understanding of the structure and function of different human body systems End >

24. explore the major organs of the human body

25. In this presentation you will learn about the main organs that are part of the human body. You will explore the location of the organs and their functions. Next >

26. The Human Body In order to function properly the human body has a number of different organs. Each organ has a specific function that is important to the human body as a whole. Next >

27. Cerebrum Brainstem Cerebellum The Brain The brain controls many body activities and has three main parts: The cerebrum controls intelligent activities such as remembering, usinglanguage and thinking. The cerebellum controls body posture and coordination. The brainstem controls activities such as breathing, circulation and digestion. Next >

28. Question 1 Which part of the brain controls coordination? A) Cerebrum B) Cerebellum C) Brain stem D) All of these

29. Aorta Leftatrium Bicuspidvalve Rightatrium Aorticvalve Leftventricle Rightventricle Tricuspid valve Pulmonaryvalve The Heart The heart pumps blood around the body. This is because it is the blood's job to supply the cells of the body with the oxygen they need, and to remove the waste products they produce. The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs to the body. The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood from the body to the lungs. Next >

30. C B D A Question 3 This picture shows a simple outline of a human body. Where is the heart located? A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D

31. Trachea Right mainstem bronchus Bronchi Rightlobes Bronchioles Pleural membrane Alveoli (on endof bronchioles) The Lungs The lungs are responsible for supplying your blood with the oxygen that you breathe in. They also remove the carbon dioxide from your blood; this is what you breathe out. Next >

32. Question 4 Which of the following do lungs remove from the blood? A) Carbon dioxide B) Food C) Oxygen D) Water

33. D C B A Question 5 This picture shows a simple outline of a human body. Where are the lungs located? A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D

34. Esophagus Stomach Pyloricsphincter Musclelayers Mucousmembrane Duodenum The Stomach The stomach is used in food digestion. The stomach produces chemicals that break down the food into small molecules. Next >

35. Pancreas Pancreaticduct Duodenum The Pancreas The pancreas is important in food digestion. The pancreas produces chemicals that break up protein molecules within food. Next >

36. Hepatic vein Hepatic artery Gall bladder Portal vein Common bile duct The Liver The liver is important in food digestion. The liver produces chemicals that break up fat molecules within food. Next >

37. Large intestine Small intestine Appendix Rectum Anus The Small Intestine The small intestine is used in food digestion. It is in the small intestine where the chemicals that are produced from the pancreas and the liver set to work breaking down the food. The small intestine is long and the nutrients from the small, broken-down food molecules pass through the walls and into the blood. Once in the blood they are transported around the body to where they are needed. Next >

38. Large intestine Small intestine Appendix Rectum Anus The Large Intestine The large intestine is used in food digestion. The large intestine absorbs a lot of the water that gets mixed in with the food during the digestion process. Next >

39. Venacava Adrenal gland Aorta Ureter Kidney Bladder Urethra The Kidneys The kidneys clean our blood. Our cells produce waste products, some of which are poisonous to our bodies. The kidneys filter our blood and remove the waste products. The waste gets turned into urine. Urine is stored in the bladder where it can be released when needed. Next >

40. B C D A Question 6 This picture shows a simple outline of a human body. Where are the kidneys located? A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D

41. The Sense Organs Our sense organs alert us to changes within our environment. We have five sense organs: • Eyes: for seeing • Ears: for hearing • Nose: for smelling • Tongue: for tasting • Skin: for touching Our sense organs contain nerves that send messages to our brains about what is happening in the world around us. Next >

42. Question 2 Which of the following organ types does the eye belong to? A) Digestive organs B) Circulation organs C) Sense organs D) Respiration organs

43. Summary After completing this presentation you should be able to: • show knowledge and understanding of the location of the main organs in the human body • show knowledge and understanding of the function of the main organs in the human body End >