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Anatomy

Explore the structure and functions of the human body with this introductory guide. Learn about the levels of organization, survival needs, homeostasis, directional terms, and body cavity sections.

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Anatomy

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  1. Anatomy Chapter 1 Notes

  2. 1. Anatomy is the study of the structure and shape of the body and body parts and their relationships to one another.

  3. 2. Physiology is the study of how the body and its parts work or function.

  4. 3. The parts of your body form a well-organized unit, and each of those parts has a job to do to make the body operate as a whole. Structure determines what functions can take place.

  5. The 6 Levels of Structural Organization • Chemical level, made of atoms • Cellular level, made of combinations of molecules • Tissue level, made of similar types of cells • Organ level, made of different types of tissues • Organ System level, made of different organs working together • Organismal level, made of many organ systems

  6. 6. Like all complex animals, human beings maintain their boundaries, move, respond to environmental changes, take in and digest nutrients, carry out metabolism, dispose of wastes, reproduce, and grow.

  7. 5 Survival Needs • Nutrients (food) • Oxygen • Water • Body Temperature • Atmospheric Pressure

  8. 8. Homeostasis describes the body’s ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world is continuously changing.

  9. 9. The 3 components of all homeostatic control mechanisms are receptors, control centers, and effectors.

  10. 10. Most homeostatic control mechanisms are negative feedback mechanisms. In such systems, the net effect of the response to the stimulus is to shut off the stimulus.

  11. 11. Directional terms used by medical personnel and anatomists allow them to explain exactly where one body structure is in relation to another.

  12. Complete the 5 sentences • Proximal • Anterior • Superior • Anterior • Lateral

  13. 13. A section, or cut, is made through a body wall or organ along an imaginary line called a plane.

  14. Describe the following sections: -Sagittal: lengthwise plane of the body, dividing the body into a right and left side -Median (midsagittal): lengthwise, and each side is equal -Frontal (coronal): divides the body into anterior and posterior -Transverse: divides the body into superior and inferior

  15. 15. The ventral body cavity contains all the structures within the chest and abdomen.

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