Unité 3

1. Unité 3 L’imparfait, le conditionnel, et le futur simple

2. L’Imparfait The Imperfect

3. nous form of present tense verb • drop –ons ending, creates imperfect stem • add the following endings: Comment c’estformulé

4. Only one irregular verb in l’imparfait • Bien sûr, c’estêtre • nous sommes – no –ons ending • imperfect stem for être = ét- et les verbesirréguliers ?

5. Use l’imparfait when you want to talk about past actions • that took place over a period of time • that happened habitually • that happened over and over again • to talk about feelings, weather, background details • that were interrupted by another past action (the interrupter is in the passé composé) Comment c’estutilisé

6. Quandj’étais petite … (l’enfance) • Elle ne faisaitrien pendant sesvacances. • Nous habitionsune petite maison. • Ilsapprenaientlentement. La Duration

7. Chaqueété, j’allais chez ma grand-mère à la Floride. • Pour le Noël, ma familledécorait le sapin après le Jour de l’Action de Grâce. • Après l’école, je passais par la maison de mesgrands-parents. L’Habitude

8. Chaquesemaine, on faisait les cours à Kroger. • Je réussissais à mesexamens de français. • Il pleuvait pendant huitjours. La Répétition

9. Je me sentaistrèsheureusequandj’étais petite. • Il faisaittrèsfroid. • Il était dix heuresquandilestretourné chez lui. Les Sentiments, Le Temps, Les Détails

10. Je notais les devoirs quandilsonttéléphoné. • Elle jouais du piano quand son chat a sauté sur le clavier. • On faisaitune pique-niquequand un étrangers’estprésenté tout d’un coup. L’Intérruption

11. Le passé composé vs. l’imparfait

12. le passé composé l’imparfait • past actions that • ended in the past • interrupted another past action • narrate events in informal writing and orally • past actions that • happened repeatedly and/or habitually • were interrupted by another past action • describe feelings, weather, details

13. Le Conditionnel

14. Regular verbs: • conditional stem is the infinitive form • Irregular verbs: • see the following list • Endings: • same as l’imparfait Comment c’estformulé

15. acheter > achèter- similar verbs: achever, amener, emmener, lever, promener • acquérir > acquerr- similar verbs: conquérir, s'enquérir • appeler > appeller- similar verbs: épeler, rappeler, renouveler • aller > ir- • avoir > aur- • devoir > devr- • envoyer > enverr- • essayer > essaier- similar verbs: balayer, effrayer, payer • essuyer > essuier- similar verbs: appuyer, ennuyer • être > ser- • faire > fer- • falloir > faudr- • jeter > jetter- similar verbs: feuilleter, hoqueter, projeter, rejeter • nettoyer > nettoier- similar verbs: employer, noyer, tutoyer • pleuvoir > pleuvr- • pouvoir > pourr- • savoir > saur- • tenir > tiendr- similar verbs: maintenir, obtenir, soutenir, more • valoir > vaudr- • venir > viendr- similar verbs: devenir, parvenir, revenir, more • voir > verr- similar verb: revoir • vouloir > voudr- Les racinesirréguliers

16. Use le conditionnel to express hypothetical situations • Generally, this tense will be used in conjunction with l’imparfait to create an if/then phrase • Si j’avais un milliard de dollars (l’imparfait) • This sentence sets up the hypothetical situation • j’achèterais un château en France. (le cond.) • this sentence explains the result of the hypothetical situation Comment c’estutilisé

17. Le futur simple

18. Le futur simple has only one part/verb • Unlike the future tense in English, which is made up of two parts • I will go to Paris. will + go • The stems are the same as those used for le conditionnel • The endings are based on the present tense of avoir: Comment c’estformulé

19. To express future actions • Elle ira à Nice pour sesvacancesd’été. • Nous aurons beaucoup d’argent. • Tuseras célèbre. • Je feraimonmieux. Comment c’estutilisé

20. If/Then en français

21. If-then clauses, also known as si clauses, conditionals, or conditional sentences, are sentences with one clause stating a condition or possibility, and a second clause naming a result which is dependent upon that condition.There are different types of si clauses, but they all have two things in common:1) The English result clause might be preceded by "then," but there is no equivalent word preceding the French result clause.Si tuconduis, je paierai.   If you drive, (then) I'll pay.2) The clauses can be in either order, si clause followed by result clause, or result clause followed by si clause, just so long as the verb forms are paired correctly and si (if) is placed in front of the condition.Je paieraisituconduis.   I'll pay if you drive.

22. Si clauses are divided into types based on the likeliness of what is stated in the result clause: what does, will, would, or would have happened if.... The first verb form listed for each type names the condition upon which depends the result, which is indicated by the second verb form. • First conditional: Likely / PotentielPresent or present perfect + present, future, or imperative • Second conditional: Unlikely / Irréel du présentImperfect + conditional • Third conditional: Impossible / Irréel du passéPluperfect + conditional perfect • These verb pairings are very specific: for example, in the second conditional, you can only use the imperfect in the si (if) clause and the conditional in the result clause. Memorizing these pairings is probably the most difficult part of siclauses Types of si clauses

23. The first conditional refers to an if-then clause which names a likely situation and the result dependent upon it: something that happens or will happen if something else happens.The first conditional is formed with the present tense or present perfect in the si clause, and one of three verb forms - present, future, or imperative - in the result clause. First Conditional

24. Present + PresentThis construction is used for things that happen regularly. Note that the si in these sentences could probably be replaced by quand (when) with little or no difference in meaning.S'ilpleut, nous ne sortons pas. / Nous ne sortons pas s'ilpleut.If it rains, we don't go out. / We don't go out if it rains.Si je ne veux pas lire, je regarde la télé. / Je regarde la télési je ne veux pas lire.If I don't want to read, I watch TV. / I watch TV if I don't want to read.

25. Present + FutureThe present + future construction is used for events that are likely to occur. The present tense follows si; it is the situation that is required before the other action will take place.Si j'ai le temps, je le ferai. / Je le feraisij'ai le temps..If I have time, I will do it. / I will do it if I have time.Si tuétudies, turéussiras à l'examen. / Turéussiras à l'examensituétudies.If you study, you will pass the test. / You'll pass the test if you study.

26. Present + ImperativeThis construction is used to give an order, assuming that the condition is met. The present tense follows si; it is the situation that is required before the other action becomes a command.Si tupeux, viens me voir. / Viens me voirsitupeux.If you can, come see me. / Come see me if you can.(If you can't, then don't worry about it.)Si vousavez de l'argent, payez la facture. / Payez la facture sivousavez de l'argent.If you have money, pay the bill. / Pay the bill if you have money.(If you don't have any money, someone else will take care of it.)

27. Passé composé + Present, Future, or ImperativeSi clauses may also use the passé composé followed by the present, future, or imperative. These constructions are basically the same as above; the difference is that the condition is in the present perfect rather than the simple present.Si tu as fini, tupeuxpartir. / Tupeuxpartirsitu as fini.If you have finished, you can leave.Si tun'as pas fini, tu me le diras. / Tu me le dirassitun'as pas fini.If you haven't finished, [you will] tell me.Si tun'as pas fini, dis-le-moi. / Dis-le-moisitun'as pas fini.If you haven't finished, tell me.

28. The second conditional expresses something that is contrary to present fact or unlikely to occur: something that would happen if something else happened.For the second conditional, use si + imperfect (stating the condition) + conditional (stating what would happen). Second Conditional

29. Si j'avais le temps, je le ferais. / Je le feraissij'avais le temps.If I had time, I would do it. / I would do it if I had time.(Fact: I don't have time, but if I did [contrary to fact], I would do it.)Si tuétudiais, turéussirais à l'examen. / Turéussirais à l'examensituétudiais.If you studied, you would pass the test. / You would pass the test if you studied.(Fact: You don't study, but if you did [unlikely to occur], you would pass the test.)Si ellevousvoyait, ellevousaiderait. / Elle vousaideraitsiellevousvoyait.If she saw you, she would help you. / She would help you if she saw you.(Fact: She doesn't see you so she isn't helping you [but if you get her attention, she will].)

30. The third conditional is a conditional sentence which expresses a hypothetical situation that is contrary to past fact: something that would have happened if something else had happened.To form the third conditional, use si + pluperfect (to explain what would have had to occur) +conditional perfect (what would have been possible). Third Conditional

31. Si j'avaiseu le temps, je l'aurais fait. / Je l'aurais fait sij'avaiseu le temps.If I had had time, I would have done it. / I would have done it if I had had time.(Fact: I didn't have time so I didn't do it.)Si tuavaisétudié, tuauraisréussi à l'examen. / Tuauraisréussi à l'examensituavaisétudié.If you had studied, you would have passed the test. / You would have passed the test if you had studied.(Fact: You didn't study so you didn't pass the test.)Si ellevousavait vu, ellevousauraitaidé. / Elle vousauraitaidésiellevousavait vu.If she had seen you, she would have helped you. / She would have helped you if she had seen you.(Fact: She didn't see you so she didn't help you.)

32. Practice

33. Pick 10 of the following prompts and create complete sentences: • Si je me lève tôt • Si je parle trop vite • Si je perds mon portefeuille • Si je ne réussis pas à cet examen • Si je ne trouve pas mes clés • Si je trouve une bague de diamants • Si je vois mon ex-copain Si je voyage en Afrique • Si nous regardons la télé • Si nous travaillons ensemble • Si on fais les devoirs tous les jours • Si on mange trop • Si on ne vote pas • Si on tombe malade à l'école • Si l'ordinateur ne marche pas • Si tu es en retard • Si tu ne sais pas nager • Si tu trouves mon livre • Si tu vois Jean-Marc • Si un mobile commence à sonner pendant la classe Activité A

34. Pick five of the following situations and write complete sentences: • Si j'allais à la lune • Si j'avais un souhait • Si je n'avais qu'une semaine à vivre • Si j'étais le président • Si j'étais riche • Si j'étais toi • Si je faisais mes devoirs tous les jours • Si je me cassais la jambe • Si je me mariais • Si je pouvais faire la connaissance de n'importe qui dans le monde • Si je pouvais remonter dans le temps • Si je pouvais visiter n'importe quel pays • Si je trouvais un portefeuille dans la rue • Si je voyais un OVNI (objet volant non identifié) • S'il y avait des formes de vie intelligente sur d'autres planètes • Si les chiens pouvaient parler • Si mon meilleur ami me mentait • Si notre professeur était en retard • Si nous étudiions ensemble • Si nous savions le secret du bonheur Activité B