Gender Mainstreaming in VRA Lucy Wanjiru and Khamarunga

1. Gender Mainstreaming in VRALucy Wanjiru and Khamarunga

2. Gender is a social cultural construct If a social construct it can also be deconstructed If gender is mainstreamed in the CBA projects this also offers a chance for deconstruction towards a more equitable society – SD outcomes Gender

3. Gender mainstreaming is a strategy to promote empowerment of women, men, boys and girls Assist enable women to critically analyze their situation Gain skills and build confidence, move into decision making roles Aim is to make women agents of change and not recipients of development in transforming gender relations Gender Mainstreaming in VRA

4. VRA Participatory Impact Assessment (PIA), Capacity Cto Adapt (women/men/boys girls) Community perception to CC Vulnerability to CC (access to and control over resource)

5. a comprehensive M&E framework, including locally defined impact indicators and quantitative portfolio-level indicators. Taking a semi-structured and context-informed approach, the VRA is designed not only to measure the success of an individual project, but to aggregate (Gender tools) and compare project impacts across a diverse portfolio of project contexts, demonstrating programme-wide impact VRA defined

6. The VRA is based on: a composite of 4 indicator questions (gender indicators could be factored in) tailored to capture locally-relevant issues that are at the heart of understanding local vulnerability to climate change (knowledge of both men and women). Questions are posed during a series of 3-4 community meetings over the period of a CBA project (participation, roles responsibilities, access and control of resources). Responses to the questions take the form of a numerical score, provided by the respondents during these community meetings (sex-disaggregated data, life histories). The key quantitative output of the VRA is the degree of change from the baseline score between the pre-project baseline, and at project conclusion (outcome increased empowerment of women as access, control over resources as well as decision making, voice). VRA

7. change in vulnerability. is assessed through the degree of change in the VRA scores relative to baselinevaluesestablished prior to the commencement of project activities. In the context of the UNDP Community-Based Adaptation programme, the aggregated VRA scores of all CBA projects serve as an objective-level indicator, measuring achievements in terms of improving capacity of community beneficiaries to adapt to climate variability and change. VRA defined

8. Equity/Equality Flexibility Context specific Community based Capacity building Enables aggregation of results – assess programmatic impact Poverty reduction volunteerism Principles of VRA

9. Women-in-Development (WID) practical needs Aims at addressing peoples basic needs, material needs for day-to-day life) Challenges existing gender roles and division of labor Gender and development (GAD) strategic needs) aims for empowerment Approach on roles and relationships between men and women addresses power relations aims at promotion of empowerment equity/equality and Sustainable development Though in practices sometimes no fixed lines of demarcation and a project can address both Gender Approaches

10. Gender tools used upfront fitted in overall project/project cycle Gender approach is not just an activity Must be included in project phases Have a clear goal/outcome There a number of frameworks Gender assessments Gender Analysis Framework Longwe framework for empowerment Key issues around mainstreaming

11. Project Design – Targeting Indicators Outputs (how many meetings, etc) General outcomes VRA –gender entry points

12. Project design/Situational Analysis Stakeholder consultation Implementation Reassessment phases of SC (participation of women and men/ girls and boys) Key Phases in VRA

13. Motivation for project is to address a specific programme Identification of entry point Review dependent on various perspectives Questions What is the culture of the area? How have relationships defined themselves? What are the gendered issues in the area? What are the interest how do they differ women men/ girls boys etc? Project design/Situational Analysis

14. Gender Analysis Matrix

15. Analysis is used at planning stage to determine whether the potential gender impacts of the projects are desirable and consistence with the project purpose and goal. The impact will be examined in terms of: Tasks and skills (changes in tasks, level of skills required Workload – changes in amount and time Resources/ benefits – changes in access to resources and benefits Socio-cultural – changes in social aspects of participants and community lives as a result of the project Gender analysis Matrix (GAM)

16. Who does what work? How does it differ between men and women? Who has access and control over resources? Who participates in decision making? Who’s needs are being meet? Where possible use sex-disaggregated data Gender Analysis

17. Access/control It is also important to differentiate between access (such as being able to farm on someone else’s land) and control (owning that land, being able to decide how that land is used). Having women control the means of production or the decision making process is key to bringing about change. Other Issues GAM would help reveal

18. Who are the different stakeholders Opportunity for participation (voice and space) What are their interests? How do this different between the different genders? How will men and women be affected by proposed project? What is the capacity for women and men to participate in the project? Stakeholder consultation

19. VRA is both a quantitative and qualitative assessment tool Sex-disaggregated data (show participation of women, access and control of resource) Focus groups of women to have an in-depth understanding of their issues around their perceptions and capabilities in terms of CC Documentation of life histories Implementation

20. Sex desegregation In gender analysis, data should be separated out by sex so that it is in a form that enables the impacts on women to be identified separately from impacts on men. Social construction The social origins of the historical subordination of women are also important to understand. These are usually manifestations of sexual domination, language and myths. For example, the concepts of defining how we construct manhood and womanhood have been changing throughout history and continue to be changed by society. Other Key tools

21. Example

22. Niger government addresses gender gapafrol News, 23 June, 2009 Women in Niger are still far away from achieving equal rights and opportunities as their male counterparts; the gender gap in Niger is in fact one of the world's largest. The Nigerien government has however approved a larger programme to reduce this gender gap and today was awarded international financing of its efforts. The African Development Fund (ADF) today announced that it had approved of financing parts of Niger's so-called Gender Equity Reinforcement Project, which is designed to "reduce the gender gap" in the country. The ADF US$ 4.41 million grant is to contribute to enhancing the capacities for design, planning and management of gender activities and to create a social environment that is more conducive to gender equity. In Niger, poverty particularly affects women, who represent over 50 percent of the population. The imbalance noted between women and men in Niger - mainly regarding legal status, access to resources, responsibilities, participation in decision-making and access to education, health, information and communication and to legal and judicial services - has hindered poverty reduction efforts. According to ADF, the new project "constitutes a major contribution to the government's Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS) with regard to gender promotion in Niger." Through the various outputs projected, it is to build the capacities of state agencies and private sector organisations for the "promotion of gender dimensions." Example

24. VRA H form

25. Gender lens Does the project include specific, measurable actions and deliverables related to gender mainstreaming, gender equality and women’s empowerment? Has the project/programme assessed potential for contributing to gender equality and women’s empowerment through planned activities? Has sex-disaggregated baseline data been collected? Has the project/programme assessed the potential for contributing to gender equality and women’s empowerment through planned activities? Have gender specialists or representatives from women's stakeholders groups participated in all steps of the programme or project cycle? Have all possible steps been taken to ensure gender equity in the recruitment of project staff and consultants? Monitoring and Evaluation

26. Women and men's vision constitute the foundation of participatory local development, Community as an organization Recognizing the functional characteristics of the community and its importance Acknowledging women and local leaders Identifying local institutions and organizations to work with Women and men’s Experimentation Creative use of available resources Trying new ideas and different options Selecting and sharing options that work Valuating local experiences Learning from experience Drawing lessons from experiences Local knowledge management Action learning Linkages and cooperation with external partners Sharing amongst farmers Linkages with service providers and other stakeholders Exposure visits to see new techniques in practice Participatory approaches

28. Thanks