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Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry. Organic Chemistry. Division of chemistry that studies carbon-containing compounds Carbon – forms four bonds, and can easily bond with other carbon atoms and molecules Inorganic Chemistry – deals with the chemistry of non-organic materials. Hydrocarbons.

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Organic Chemistry

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  1. Organic Chemistry

  2. Organic Chemistry • Division of chemistry that studies carbon-containing compounds • Carbon – forms four bonds, and can easily bond with other carbon atoms and molecules • Inorganic Chemistry – deals with the chemistry of non-organic materials

  3. Hydrocarbons • Compound consisting only of the elements carbon and hydrogen • Carbon can bond to itself to form single (alkanes), double (alkenes), and triple bonds (alkynes) • The bonds are always nonpolar

  4. Hydrocarbons Refinery and tank storage facilities, like this one in Texas, are needed to change the hydrocarbons of crude oil to many different petroleum products. The classes and properties of hydrocarbons form one topic of study in organic chemistry

  5. Hydrocarbons • Carbon to carbon chains can be straight, branched, or in a ring

  6. Alkanes • CnH2n+2 • Name ends with –ane • C-C single bond • Saturated Hydrocarbon – each carbon is bonded to the maximum number of hydrogen

  7. Alkanes

  8. Alkanes • The alkanes through ten also include the following: • 6 carbons – Hexane • 7 carbons – Heptane • 8 carbons – Octane • 9 carbons – Nonane • 10 carbons - Decane

  9. Alkanes

  10. Alkenes • Contain carbon to carbon double bond (C=C) • Unsaturated Hydrocarbon – result of double bonds, less hydrogen • Name ends with –ene • Ethene is the gas that ripens fruit, and a ripe fruit emits the gas, which will act on unripe fruit. Thus, a ripe tomato placed in a sealed bag with green tomatoes will help ripen them

  11. Alkenes

  12. Alkynes • Contain carbon to carbon triple bond (CΞC) • Unsaturated Hydrocarbon • Name ends with -yne

  13. Alkynes

  14. Cyclic Hydrocarbons • Carbon to carbon bonds that form a ring of carbon atoms • Requires a minimum of three carbons • Add the prefix Cyclo- • The suffix still depends on the type of bond formed by the carbons (single, double, or triple) • Cyclohexane

  15. Cyclic Hydrocarbons

  16. Isomers • Same chemical formula, but atoms are connected differently • Example: fructose, glucose, and galactose

  17. Isomers

  18. Functional Groups • In addition to the hydrocarbons, there are some functional groups you should be familiar with • Ethers, Alcohols, Ketone, Aldehydes, Carboxyl, Amines, Amides, and Esters

  19. Ethers • Oxygen atom bonded to two hydrocarbons • R-O-R (R represents the “rest” of the hydrocarbon chain)

  20. Alcohols • R-OH (OH = hydroxyl group)

  21. Ketone • Carbon double bonded to an oxygen atom

  22. Aldehydes • Carbon doubled bonded to an oxygen atom and single bonded to a hydrogen atom

  23. Carboxyl • Carbon doubled bonded to an oxygen atom and singled bonded to an OH group

  24. Amines • R-NH2

  25. Amides • Carbon doubled bonded to an oxygen atom and linked to a nitrogen atom

  26. Esters • R-COOR

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