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Cell Biology

Cell Biology. Prokaryotic Cell Small ~ 1-2 µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? No Nucleus Little Internal Structure Some are Motile Unicellular or Cluster. Eukaryote 10-200 μ m. Nanobacteria. 0.1 μ m 10 4 – 10 5 /ml Ocean waters 0.15 μ m minimum size?. Always Exceptions? Max?

linda-reese
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Cell Biology

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  1. Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell • Small ~ 1-2µm • 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? • No Nucleus • Little Internal Structure • Some are Motile • Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote 10-200 μm

  2. Nanobacteria • 0.1 μm • 104 – 105 /ml • Ocean waters • 0.15 μm minimum size?

  3. Always Exceptions? Max? E. fishelsoni - 600µm Multiple genomes

  4. Cell Shapes • Bacillus • Coccus • Spirillum • Spirochetes • Appendaged

  5. Cell Clusters • Pairs – Diplo… Diplococcus • Chains – Strepto.. Streptococcus • Others – Staphylococcus

  6. Cytoplasmic Membrane • Phospholipid Bilayer • No Sterols • Bacteria & Eukaryotes • Ester linkages • Archaea • Ether linkage • Lipid monolayer • Thermophiles

  7. Membrane Function • Diffusion –osmotic pressure • Selective Permeability • Transport Proteins • Simple Transport –proton motive force

  8. Group Translocation Glucose PEP Pyruvate Glucose - 6 - PO4 Transport linked to first step of Glycolysis

  9. ABC System Transport • Periplasmic-binding protein • Membrane-spanning protein • Kinase

  10. Export • Translocase • Signal sequence • Exoenzymes • Toxins

  11. Bacterial Cell Wall • Peptidoglycan, • Murein Layer • n-acetylglucosamine • n-acetylmuramic acid •  1-4 Linkage • Peptide Cross Links

  12. Diaminopimelic acid - all G- Lysine - most G+ d-Alanine, d-Glutamic acid

  13. Gram Positive Cell Wall • Multi-Track layer • 25 layers • Teichoic Acid • Lysozyme Protoplast • Autolysins

  14. Teichoic –Lipoteichoic acid

  15. Gram Positive Gram Negative

  16. Gram Negative Envelope • Outer Membrane Lipopolysaccharides • Peptidoglycan • Periplasmic space • Cytoplasmic Membrane

  17. Gram Negative Outer Membrane • Lipopolysaccharides • Endotoxins Pyrogens -Lipid A • Core Polysaccharide • O Polysaccharide • Porins • Periplasmic Space

  18. Archaea Cell Wall Pseudopeptidoglycan Β 1-3 linkages N acetyltalosaminuronic acid S-Layer - most common

  19. Prokaryotic DNA • Closed Circles • E. coli chromosome has 4.6 million Bases • Supercoiled • Haploid • Sometimes Plasmids

  20. Outer Surface Flagella Pili - Fimbriae Capsule Slime Layer Glycocalyx

  21. Flagella • Polar flagella • Lophotrichous • Peritrichous flagella • Flagellin • Self Assembly

  22. Inclusion Bodies • Poly--Hydroxybutyric Acid • Glycogen

  23. Polyphosphate –Metachromatic granules Sulfur

  24. Magnetosomes Varied morphology

  25. Gas Vesicles Protein coat

  26. Endospores • Most Resistance Cell • Withstand Boiling • Formed in Cells • Contains Calcium dipicolinic Acid 10% Bacillus & Clostridium

  27. Endospores need 200 genes May live? 250 million years

  28. Taxis • Chemotaxis • Tumbles – Runs • Phototaxis • Magnetotaxis • Gliding? • Twitching

  29. Eukaryotic Cells • Contains Organelles • Nucleus • Mitochondria • Chloroplasts

  30. Endosymbiotic Theory

  31. Cell Biology Word List

  32. Cell Biology Word List 2

  33. Cell Biology Word List 3

  34. Cell Biology Word List 4

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