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Mycology Review: Fungal Diseases and Infections

This comprehensive mycology review covers various fungal diseases, including chronic, rare, and contagious types, as well as differences between fungi and bacteria, and diagnostic methods. Learn about superficial, subcutaneous, and systemic fungal infections, and opportunistic fungal diseases. Understand treatments, diagnosis, and associations with key terms in mycology.

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Mycology Review: Fungal Diseases and Infections

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  1. Mycology Review Dr. David Engman

  2. Mycoses: Fungal Diseases • Chronic, Relapsing • Rarely Contagious • Cell-Mediated Immunity • Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity • Tissue Tropism

  3. Differences Between Fungi and Bacteria • Size (Yeast > 5 mm, Bacteria < 2 mm) • Mode of Reproduction • Cell Structure • nucleus • mitochondrion • endoplasmic reticulum • rigid cell wall (chitin vs murein) • polysaccharides (mannan, glucan) vs LPS

  4. Mycology Basics • Yeasts vs. Molds • Dimorphism • Treatment • microtubules • membranes (sterols) • Diagnosis • Saboraud’s Agar • KOH • Dimorphism • Deuteromycetes (Fungi Imperfecta)

  5. Yeast Forms

  6. Mold Forms

  7. Superficial Fungal Infections • Tinea Capitis • Tinea Corporis • Tinea Cruris • Tinea Pedis • Tinea Unguium

  8. Superficial Fungal Infections

  9. Superficial Fungal Infections

  10. Superficial Fungal Infections

  11. Superficial Fungal Infections

  12. Superficial Fungal Infections

  13. Subcutaneous Fungal Infections • Sporotrichosis • Chromoblastomycosis • Mycetoma

  14. Subcutaneous Fungal Infections

  15. Subcutaneous Fungal Infections

  16. Subcutaneous Fungal Infections

  17. Subcutaneous Fungal Infections

  18. Subcutaneous Fungal Infections

  19. Subcutaneous Fungal Infections

  20. Systemic Fungal Infections • Histoplasmosis • Blastomycosis • Coccidioidomyocosis • Paracoccidioidomycosis • All are dimorphic

  21. Histoplasmosis • Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys • Primary Pulmonary Infection • Grow Within Pulmonary Macrophages • TB-like Lesions

  22. Histoplasmosis

  23. Blastomycosis • Midwest and Eastern North America • Similar to Histo, but not in Macrophage • Pneumonia: Fungus Ball • Broad-Based Budding

  24. Blastomycosis

  25. Blastomycosis

  26. Coccidioidomycosis • Southwest United States • Usually Self-Limiting

  27. Coccidioidomycosis

  28. Coccidioidomycosis

  29. Paracoccidioidomycosis • South American Blastomycosis • Chronic Mucocutaneous Ulcers • Women Resistant - Estrogen Inhibits

  30. Paracoccidioidomycosis

  31. Opportunistic Fungal Infections • Cryptococcosis • Aspergillosis • Zygomycosis/Mucormycosis • Candidiasis

  32. Cryptococcosis • Soil Contaminated with Pigeon Droppings • Encapsulated - Not Phagocytosed • Meningitis - Death • India Ink, Latex Agglutination, Brain Biopsy

  33. Cryptococcosis

  34. Aspergillosis • Branching Hyphae Seen on Silver Stain • Common Nosocomial in Immunocompromised

  35. Aspergillosis

  36. Mucormycosis • Absidia, Rhizopus, Mucor spp. • Diabetic Acidosis • Pulmonary or Rhinocerebral Disease • GI Disease in AIDS • Culture/Diagnosis Difficult

  37. Mucormycosis

  38. Candidiasis • Most Common Systemic Fungal Pathogen • Oral Thrush • Esophageal, Vaginal Infection Common • Colonization/Growth on Moist Skin • Germ Tube Test

  39. Candidiasis

  40. Candidiasis

  41. Candidiasis

  42. Fungal Word Association • Asteroid bodies – • Broad-based budding – • Copper sclerotic bodies – • Diabetic Ketoacidosis – • Germ Tube Test – • Granulomata – • Oral Thrush – • Pigeon Droppings – • Rose handler’s disease – • Southwest United States – • Wood’s lamp –

  43. Fungal Word Association • Asteroid bodies – Sporothrix • Broad-based budding – • Copper sclerotic bodies – • Diabetic Ketoacidosis – • Germ Tube Test – • Granulomata – • Oral Thrush – • Pigeon Droppings – • Rose handler’s disease – • Southwest United States – • Wood’s lamp –

  44. Fungal Word Association • Asteroid bodies – Sporothrix • Broad-based budding – Blasto • Copper sclerotic bodies – • Diabetic Ketoacidosis – • Germ Tube Test – • Granulomata – • Oral Thrush – • Pigeon Droppings – • Rose handler’s disease – • Southwest United States – • Wood’s lamp –

  45. Fungal Word Association • Asteroid bodies – Sporothrix • Broad-based budding – Blasto • Copper sclerotic bodies – Chromo • Diabetic Ketoacidosis – • Germ Tube Test – • Granulomata – • Oral Thrush – • Pigeon Droppings – • Rose handler’s disease – • Southwest United States – • Wood’s lamp –

  46. Fungal Word Association • Asteroid bodies – Sporothrix • Broad-based budding – Blasto • Copper sclerotic bodies – Chromo • Diabetic Ketoacidosis – Mucor • Germ Tube Test – • Granulomata – • Oral Thrush – • Pigeon Droppings – • Rose handler’s disease – • Southwest United States – • Wood’s lamp –

  47. Fungal Word Association • Asteroid bodies – Sporothrix • Broad-based budding – Blasto • Copper sclerotic bodies – Chromo • Diabetic Ketoacidosis – Mucor • Germ Tube Test – Candida • Granulomata – • Oral Thrush – • Pigeon Droppings – • Rose handler’s disease – • Southwest United States – • Wood’s lamp –

  48. Fungal Word Association • Asteroid bodies – Sporothrix • Broad-based budding – Blasto • Copper sclerotic bodies – Chromo • Diabetic Ketoacidosis – Mucor • Germ Tube Test – Candida • Granulomata – Histo (also Schisto, TB) • Oral Thrush – • Pigeon Droppings – • Rose handler’s disease – • Southwest United States – • Wood’s lamp –

  49. Fungal Word Association • Asteroid bodies – Sporothrix • Broad-based budding – Blasto • Copper sclerotic bodies – Chromo • Diabetic Ketoacidosis – Mucor • Germ Tube Test – Candida • Granulomata – Histo (also Schisto, TB) • Oral Thrush – Candida • Pigeon Droppings – • Rose handler’s disease – • Southwest United States – • Wood’s lamp –

  50. Fungal Word Association • Asteroid bodies – Sporothrix • Broad-based budding – Blasto • Copper sclerotic bodies – Chromo • Diabetic Ketoacidosis – Mucor • Germ Tube Test – Candida • Granulomata – Histo (also Schisto, TB) • Oral Thrush – Candida • Pigeon Droppings – Crypto • Rose handler’s disease – • Southwest United States – • Wood’s lamp –

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