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Medical Mycology

Medical Mycology. Mycology. Study of fungi Fungi found every where. Fungi (fungus). Fungi first appeared approximately 1.5 billion years ago 75, 000 known fungal species Estimated number 1.5 million fungal species. Fungi and disease .

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Medical Mycology

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  1. Medical Mycology

  2. Mycology • Study of fungi • Fungi found every where

  3. Fungi (fungus) • Fungi first appeared approximately 1.5 billion years ago • 75, 000 known fungal species • Estimated number 1.5 million fungal species

  4. Fungi and disease • The vast majority of fungi are not associated with disease, and many are saprophytic • Around 400 species are associated with human and animal infections • Plant fungal pathogens both destroy crops and generate mycotoxins

  5. Fungal infections are becoming more important!! • Human fungal diseases became a serious problem only during the 20th and 21st centuries • Increased efficiency in treating bacterial infections • Growth in the number immunodeficient patients • Increasing use of indwelling medical devices

  6. Most important • The most common human fungal pathogens are: • Candida albicans • Cryptococcus neoformans • Aspergillusfumigatus

  7. Where are fungi? • The 5 Kingdoms or Phyla system • Bacteria (heterophilic) • Protista (unicellular) • Animalia • Fungi (heterophilic) • Plantae (photosynthesis)

  8. Main characteristics of fungi • DNA in nucleus, chromosomes • Mitosis and meiosis • Mitochondria • Chitin and glucan in cell wall • In sensitive to antibiotics

  9. What are fungi? • Fungi can exist as single cells (yeast) • Or chains of cells (hyphae)

  10. What are fungi? • The body of the fungus is either filamentous or budding yeast • Mycelium is made up of a complex of hyphae

  11. Morphology • Filamentous • Yeast • Dimorphic

  12. Fungal mycelium

  13. Role of fungal mycelium in growth and nutrition • Vegetative mycelium • Aerial mycelium

  14. Physiology • Temperature • Nutrition • Respiration • Reproduction

  15. Where do fungi live?

  16. Helpful fungi: In every day life • Nitrogen and Carbon • Mushrooms and Quorn • Saccharomycescerevisiae • Aspergillusoryzaeand Aspergillusniger • Flavours and vitamins • Penicillin and cyclosporine • Molecular cloning and cancer research

  17. Useful fungi : Bakers yeast The yeast Saccharomycescerevisiae

  18. Useful fungi : Mushrooms and Quorn Honey mushroom fungus

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