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The Decade You Were Born…

The Decade You Were Born…. Childhood. Son of a wealthy farmer Pious family: Rosary and Eucharist 1593: Mother died , older brother Peter begins path to priesthood Family always supported vocation 1596: Begins studies in Barcelona. Novitiate. 1601: Begins college studies

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The Decade You Were Born…

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  1. The Decade You Were Born…

  2. Childhood • Son of a wealthy farmer • Pious family: Rosary and Eucharist • 1593: Mother died , older brother • Peter begins path to priesthood • Family always supported vocation • 1596: Begins studies in Barcelona

  3. Novitiate • 1601: Begins college studies • A gifted student at every stage • 1602: Accepted as Jesuit Novice • Four Precepts: • Seek God in all things • Perfect Obedience • Do all A.M.D.G. • Zeal for Souls St. Ignatius Loyola

  4. Brother Alonso: “My Saintly Master” • 1604: First vows “I am like a slave” • On to Girona- Latin, Greek, and Rhetoric • Nov. 1605: Philosophy at Majorca • Meets 80 yr. old St. Alphonsus Rodriguez • Learns holiness from him 15 minutes/day • St. Alphonsus prophesies Claver will go to the Indies St. Alphonsus Rodriguez

  5. Prayer, Study, and Waiting • 1608: Back to Barcelona for Theology • Requested assignment in Kingdom of Tierra Firme • Waited two years • A fellow student described him: • “Modest, gentle and friendly…trying to please and help everyone. I never heard him complain. Always he spoke of God…He was very humble and no less exact in obedience…he was very silent and reserved.” Sts. Peter Claver & Alphonsus

  6. On to Cartagena! • 1610: Finally permitted to go • Spanish Jesuits ordered to send missionaries • Spanish crown underwrote missionaries • Peter Claver is listed as travelling on the San Pedro galleon • Misspelled name: Clavel Spanish Galleon

  7. Like Abraham • Arrives in Cartagena • Immediately sent to Santa Fe de Bogota • Supposed to finish Theology • No professor for 18 months • Finally finishes in 1613 • Ill health forces him to Tunja • 1615 Finally in Cartagena Cathedral of Tunja

  8. Not Without Precedent • Cartagena: • 300+ households • 2,000+ Spaniards • 3,000-4,000 Africans • 200 Soldiers • 4 priests • Fr. Alonso Sandoval was Claver’s mentor

  9. Radical, Methodical Service

  10. Image and Likeness

  11. The Good Shepherd

  12. Body and Soul

  13. Magisterium and New World Slavery • Eugene IV: SicutDudum Jan 13, 1435 • Condemned enslavement of Canary Islands natives • Repeated by Pius II (1458-64) and Sixtus IV (1471-84) • Alexander VI: 3 letters from 1493 to 1497 • “Divided the world” for evangelization, not rule • Spain and Portugal given right to evangelize, but govern only if natives “have wished to be subject” to their rule

  14. Magisterium and New World Slavery • Paul III: Three documents in 1537 • Sublimis Deus-Bull condemning slavery • PastoraleOfficium-Penalties for violating Sublimis Deus • AltitudoDiviniConsilii-On sacramental prep in the Indies • Gregory XIV: Cum Sicuti, 1591 • Condemned slavery in Philippines • Ordered restitution paid by Spanish

  15. Magisterium and New World Slavery • Urban VIII: Commissum Nobis,1639 • Explicitly refers to and renews teaching of Paul III • Bl. Innocent XI: Response of the Congregation of the Holy Office, 1686 • Forbids capture, purchase, or sale of “Blacks or other Natives” • Obliges release and restitution of slaves

  16. Magisterium and New World Slavery • Benedict XIV: ImmensaPastorum, 1741 • Condemns slavery in Brazil • Gregory XVI: In Supremo, 1839 • Condemns Slavery and Slave Trade • Most American bishops dodge • Pius IX: Instruction of the Holy Office, 1866 • Instructions to converts of Galla and Sidama tribes in Ethiopia • How to live as Christians in the midst of a radical “culture of slavery”

  17. Magisterium and New World Slavery • Leo XIII: Two Encyclicals • In Plurimis: May 5,1888 • Urges bishops of Brazil to make sure legal end of slavery was peacefully put into actual practice • Appeals for an end to slavery throughout world • Catholicae Ecclesiae: November 20, 1890 • Asks bishops of world to work for end of African slavery, promote evangelization, financial support of the missions

  18. We Need New Peter Clavers • Legal slavery is practically eliminated in the world • Slavery as a practice is once again on the increase • Now called “Human Trafficking” • Labor, especially in agriculture • Prostitution • Legal protections and aid exist in some countries, but who is reaching the victims spiritually?

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