Revolution!

1. Mr. Fisher Revolution!

2. Britain in Mid-Century (Pg. 466) • British Empire: (What allowed for British dominance?) • Geography: • Limited land size – establishment of resources(mercantilism) • Wars: • Allowed Britain to assert their dominance • Dev’l of navy, not-so-much army • Defeat of Spanish Armada (Spanish navy) – control most of seas • Monopoly on slave trade – defeat of Dutch and Spanish ($$$) • Seven Year’s War – French and Indian War (claimed French lands in N.A.) • Government structure: • Constitutional monarchy (Limited gov’t power by Con’st) • Whigs vs. Tories: (political system) PG. 467 • Cabinet: • Advisors to the King/Prime Minister • Prime Minister: • Leader of cabinet (comparable to President of US) • Issues: • English Bill of Rights (i.e. freedom of speech and petition) • Constitution failed to limit power of gov’t • Ruled by an oligarchy (ruled by a group) – particularly Parliament members

3. American Republic: (Page 470) • Enlightenment Period (pg. 456) • Role of Government (2 philosophies) • Social Contract: Thomas Hobbes • Absolutely monarch to keep society in order • Natural Rights: John Locke and Thomas Paine • Rights that belonged to all humans from birth (limited gov’t) • Growing problems (causes of the Amer. Rev’l) (Research) • Geographical location • F and I War = costly for Britain = increase in taxes on colonists • Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Tea Act, Townshend Act… etc. • Boston Massacre: • Killing of “pesky” colonists • Declaration of Independence (pg. 470) • Lists rights, issues with King George, right to revolt/separate • Constitution: • Articles of Confederation (First attempt – failed miserably) • No strong central government (Understandably?) • Taxes? Military? Currency? Trade? • US Constitution - passed in 1789 (Key characteristics)

4. Dawn of Industrial Age • Industrial Rev’l: • Causes: • (1) Agricultural Rev’l: • Use of dykes, fertilizers, crop rotation, technologies (seed drill) • Enclosing land (enclosure) • Effects of Ag. Rev’l: • (2) Population expansion (Why did population explode? 509) • (3) Energy Rev’l: • Water and wind power (Significance?) • Use of coal  steam engine • Effects: • Industrialization: • Mov’t from cottage farms to city-like factories • Urbanization: • Country villages  industrial towns • Positives/Negatives of Industrialization • Draw the three causes of the Industrial Rev’l and the three of the effects of the Industrial Rev’l

5. Britain Leads the Way • Why Britain? Why? • Natural Resources: • Large supply of coaland iron • Human Resources: • Results of the agricultural revolution • New Technology: • Results of the Scientific Revolution • Economic Conditions: (pg. 510) • Resulted from the Age of Exploration/Imperialization • Increase money + increase in population  increase in demand • Political/social conditions: • Time of peace and stability - suitable for growth

6. Britain Leads the Way • Age of Iron and Coal: • Lack of quality iron because of no solid heat source (wood) • Capital goods (tools, machines, stoves) • Coal – took place of Britain’s depleting trees • Textile Industry: • Imported cotton from India (pg. 514) • Could not keep up with growing demand • Technologies: • Flying shuttleand the Spinning Jenny (1:26) • Transportation (results from the need to moves goods to factories): • Dev’l of turnpikes (privately built roads – cost a fee) • Introduction of steam locomotive and steam ship • Industrialization (positives and negatives) • “People have debated whether the Industrial Revolution was a blessing or a curse.” • Provide an argumentative paper, approximately one page in length, describing your opinion on whether the pros of the Industrial Revolution surpass the negatives of the Industrial Revolution or vice versa. Use creditable internet sites to provide your paper with specific examples and detailed claims to support your opinion to the time period. 4-5 solid points to back up your answer, with details paragraphs to follow, will be sufficient.

7. Role of Government • What is the role of government in an industrialized society? • Laissez-Faire Economics(Adam Smith) • Free Market (positives/negatives) • Lower prices and reinvest in new technologies • Socialism • People as a whole own P.E.D., not private individuals • Creation of a classless state • Communism (form of socialism) • Class struggle between employers and employees

8. French Revolution (Web - Causes) • The Estates: (class structure of France – pre-rev’l) • Clergy (first) – high church leaders • Owned 10% of land, collected tithes, no direct taxes • Did provide some social services • Nobles (second) – government, army • Limt’dpower by absolute government • The People (third) • Bourgeoisie (middle class), rural peasants, city workers • Discontent (issues) • Privileges of upper class • Taxes on everything (ex. soap to salt) • Financial Crisis • Deficit spending – spend more than bringing in • American Revolution and Seven Years’ War • Increase taxes  creation of the Estates General (all three Estates) • National Assembly • Third Estate found itself “useless” • Parisians stormed Bastille to protest absolute rule

9. Effects of French Rev. • Written Constitution: • Lim’t gov’t – abolishes Monarchy • Created a Legislative Assembly (creates laws) • Separation between Church and State (church owned most land) • Peasant uprising = nobles gave up rights = no Feudalism • Dec. of the Rights of Man (Similar to Dec. of Indepen.) • States basic rights… for all males • Religion, called for tax representation, assembly • Other European Monarchies • Scared of “French Plague” • Did not want French idea to influence their people • Reign of Terror: • Putting terror into revolutionaries (“Go back to the old way…”) • Revolutionaries vs. Nobility

10. Effects of French Rev. (Con’t) • Napoleon gains power: (success of Rev’l) • Military victories gave him political/social power (Caesar) • Eventually made himself Emperor (Dictator) • Napoleonic Code: (What reforms were so popular? Pg. 497) • Laws based on Enlightenment principles • Equality, tolerance of religions, jobs hiring based on merit • But women lost many rights • Spark of Nationalism: • France expanded Empire • Competed with British for trade goods (Continental System) • Creation of school system: • Provided education to help “merit system” • Napoleon defeat in Russia (Moscow) • End of French Rev’l(similar to Nazis in WWII)

11. Russian Revolution What is going on in Russia around 1917 that sparks this revolution? • Issues: • Agricultural society (issues during WWI) • Dictator czars (lim’t rights for people) • Large, poor lower class (no wealth, land) • Strain from wars (lack of money to provide for troops) • Crimean, Russo-Japanese, WWI • March Rev’l: • Issues allowed V.I. Lenin to come power • Believed in Marxist (Communist) ideas • Overthrow of capitalist by working class • November Rev’l: • Overtake of the Russian government by the Bolsheviks • “Majority” of the people • Changes: • Land dis’t to peasants • Ended private ownership of land • Workers in control of factories • Results: • Creation of the Soviet Union • Ended war with Germany • Continued civil war (Red Army vs. Whites) • Distrust of Russia by Westerns (Why do we fear Communism?) • Victory for the Communists

12. Russian Revolution (Life in Russia) • Stalin • Creation of a command economy (cov’t into indus’t economy) • Totalitarian state • One party dictatorship of government and economy • Propaganda (pg. 730) • Socialist realism – showing positives of Soviet Union • Living in “paradise” • Created a sense of nationalism • War on Religion (Atheism – official policy) • Bible replaced with Stalin/Lenin texts • Government ruled by elite Communists • Benefits/Services • Education, medical care, day care, inexpensive housing… • Industrialized Russia with Five-Year Plans • Negatives: • Lim’t Freedoms • Deaths to opposition