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Organic Chemistry

H. H. H. H. C. C. C. H. H. H. H. C. C. H. C. H. H. H. C. H. O. C. H. H. H. C. C. H. H. C. H. C. C. C. H. H. H. H. H. H. H. Organic Chemistry. O. C-C. O-C. O. H. H. (De-) Esterification reaction. O. H. H. O. C-C. O-C. desterification reaction.

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Organic Chemistry

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  1. H H H H C C C H H H H C C H C H H H C H O C H H H C C H H C H C C C H H H H H H H Organic Chemistry

  2. O C-C O-C O H H (De-) Esterificationreaction O H H O C-C O-C desterification reaction carboxyl acid ester + + alcohol Esterification is a reversible reaction.

  3. Carbons

  4. Halocarbons are organic compounds containing covalently bonded halogens. H H C Cl H H Cl Cl C C C H H Cl Cl H Halocarbons are usually man-made. tetrachloromethane carbon tetrachloride 1- chloropropane

  5. Types of Halocarbons CH3 - CH2 - CH - CH - CH3 - F I Alkyl Halide: the halogen is attached to an aliphatic carbon chain - (alkane, -ene, -yne) Aryl Halide: the halogen is attached to a carbon that is part of an aromatic ring - (benzene)

  6. iodomethane H Cl - I CH3 C C H H CH3 C CH3 CH3 Br The HaloCarbons (Cl, Br, I, Fl) • Name the halogen as a branch,replacing - inein the name of the halogen with - o. • Multiple halogens are listed alphabetically. • All other rules the same (di, tri, lowest number…) chloroethene 2-bromo-2-methylpropane

  7. 1. bromobenzene 2. 3-chloro-1-butene 3. 1,2 - difluoropropane 4. 1-bromo-3,5-diiodobenzene 5. 1,2,3 - triiodocyclopentane

  8. CH3 I-CH2-C-CH2-CH2-CH3 Br l l CH3 CH3 C H Cl - - l l CH3 l l Br

  9. ? Organic Reactions + =

  10. Substitution Reactions

  11. Halogenation Reactions UV light R-H + X2 R-X + HX + + Alkane Halogen Halocarbon Halogen halide H H H H H-C - C-H + Cl2 H-C - C-Cl + HCl H H H H H atom replaced on a chain with a halogen group: ethene chloroethane

  12. H2O + OH + R-X R-OH X alcohol halide ion halocarbon hydroxide ion H2O CH3I + KOH CH3OH + KI 100◦C methanol Iodomethane Halogen is replaced by hydroxide ions (OH -) to produce an alcohol and a salt. 100◦C

  13. Addition / Elimination 2 1 + 1 =

  14. Esterificationreaction O C-C O-C O H H O H H O C-C O-C desterification reaction carboxyl acid ester + + alcohol

  15. hydrogenation reaction H H H H H C H C H H + H H C C H H alkene (alkyne) dehydrogenation reaction alkane (alkene)

  16. hydration reaction O H H H C H C H H H H + H H C C O H H alkene dehydration reaction alcohol

  17. Br Br H C H C H H H + H H C C H H H alkene addition reaction elimination reaction alkyl halide

  18. H C H C H H + H H C C H H Cl Cl Cl Cl alkene addition reaction elimination reaction alkyl dihalide

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