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Assessing the Vulnerabilities of Your Farm or Food business

Step one in developing a food defense plan. Assessing the Vulnerabilities of Your Farm or Food business. The Farm-to-Table Food Supply Chain is Vulnerable. Production Agriculture Supplies Transportation Auctions Feedlots. -Farm.

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Assessing the Vulnerabilities of Your Farm or Food business

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  1. Step one in developing a food defense plan Assessing the Vulnerabilities of Your Farm or Food business

  2. The Farm-to-Table Food Supply Chain is Vulnerable • Production Agriculture • Supplies • Transportation • Auctions • Feedlots

  3. -Farm

  4. The Farm-to-Table Food Supply Chain is Vulnerable (continued) • Food Processing • Supplies • Employees • Bulk Mixing • Bulk Storage • Water supply

  5. The Farm-to-Table Food Supply Chain is Vulnerable (continued) • Retail Food Sales • Supplies • Employees • Buffet Service Areas • Farmer’s Market • Fresh Produce

  6. Is Food Defense Different than Food Safety? • Food Defense focuses on protecting the food supply fromintentional contamination. • Food Safety (HACCP) and Biosecurity focus on protecting the food supply from unintentional contamination. They help with, but are not a substitute for food defense.

  7. Who Might Intentionally Contaminate a Food/Animal Facility? • Disgruntled employee/former employee • Contract or temporary employee • Members of extremist groups • Truck driver • Affiliate of a competing facility • Visitor to facility

  8. Biological Agents: Injure by causing disease, or producing toxin. Chemical Agents: Injure through toxicity to biological systems, or chemical burns to tissue. Radiological Agents: Injure externally (radiation burns) or internally (organ damage). Potential Contaminants

  9. What Makes an Attractive Agent of Intentional Contamination • Incubation period/delayed effect • Highly effective • History of use • Available (easily produced in adequate quantity) • Low traceability

  10. Case Study: Bitter Harvest • 1973 Fire retardant (PBB) accidentally mixed into feed rations for cattle. • Over a year later sickness in animals, and humans is linked to PBBs. • Cattle, pigs, sheep, chickens, and contaminated commodities are destroyed and buried. • 97% of humans living in Michigan during that time period have PBBs in their system.

  11. Transmission of Chemicals Consider how a chemical might be “delivered” as an intentional contaminant: • Directly added during production process • Added to ingredients at the supplier level • Indirect addition during the production process(ex. Cleaning supplies or pesticides, packaging materials)

  12. Transmission of Disease in Livestock Consider how a disease might be “delivered” as an intentional contaminant: • Aerosol (airborn) • Directs contact (including reproductive) • Fomite (contaminated object) • Oral (feed or water) • Vector-borne (insect transmission) • Zoonotic (transmission between humans and animals)

  13. Transmission of Pathogens in Food Consider how a microbiological agent might be “delivered” as an intentional contaminant: • Directly added to finished product • Indirect addition to environment or finished product (ex.Listeria)

  14. Helpful Resources for Vulnerability Assessment • Labeled map of facility • Written operational procedures • Workforce procedures • University extension personnel • Law enforcement • Insurance Agent

  15. Government Guides • USDA – Pre-harvest Security Guide • USDA/Food Safety and Inspection Service – Developing a Food Defense Plan for Meat and Poultry Slaughter and Processing Plants • Food and Drug Administration – Guidance for Industry, Food Producers, Processers, and Transporters: Food Security Preventative Measures Guidance

  16. Nine Questions to Assess Vulnerability • Is your outside perimeter secure? • Is access within your operation limited? • Are your processes secure? • Is your shipping and receiving secure?

  17. Nine Questions to Assess Vulnerability continued • Do you have an inventory system for stored materials? • Is access to your water supply limited? • Is mail opened away from sensitive areas? • Do you have screening and training procedures for your workforce? • Is access to sensitive areas limited?

  18. Livestock Auction Barn • Family owned auction facility with sales on Monday and Wednesday. • Restaurant on premises open Monday through Saturday from 6:00 am to 2:00 pm. • Located at the corner of two highways and has a perimeter fence. • 8 permanent and 12 part time employees.

  19. Livestock Auction Barn, cont. • Arena can seat 300 people. • Restaurant can seat 75 people. • Can accommodate up to 5,000 animals. • Security cameras are located inside the pavilion but not in the pens. • Restrooms are shared with arena and restaurant.

  20. 24’ 24’

  21. Livestock Auction Barn Vulnerability Worksheet

  22. Work on Your Vulnerability Assessment

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